TREES OF LIFE:FORESTS IN PERIL
  • home
  • Blog
  • About The Book
    • Bookstore
    • Press
  • The Author
  • Videos
  • Contact

THE EFFECT TREES HAVE ON CLIMATE!

2/19/2024

0 Comments

 
                                                                TREE COVER AND CLIMATE CHANGE
 
THE CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS SHOULD BE A PRIORITY CONCERN TODAY, FOR OUR WORLDWIDE CITIZENS! RECENT REPORTS CONFIRM THAT THE SUMMER OF 2023 HAS BEEN THE WARMEST SUMMER MONTHS SINCE WE BEGAN RECORDING TEMPERATURES. MAJOR EFFORTS HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN TO FIND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES TO REDUCE THE RELEASE OF GREENHOUSE GASES INTO OUR ATMOSPHERE. THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE PROGRAMS FOCUS ON THE REDUCTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION TO REDUCE CARBON EMISSIONS. MANY NEW POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS, SUCH AS SOLAR AND WIND GENERATING FIELDS, HAVE BEEN QUITE CONTROVERSIAL, DUE TO THE OBTRUSIVE APPEARANCE OF THE STRUCTURES AND LOSS OF USE OF THE LAND. DEVELOPMENT PERMITS HAVE BEEN DENIED IN NUMEROUS CASES AS A RESULT OF LOCAL PRESSURE. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED MANY OF THESE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROJECTS, IN AN EFFORT TO REDUCE THE CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. WE NEED TO CONTINUE OUR SUPPORT FOR THESE FORWARD-THINKING PROJECTS, BUT MUST ASK, ARE THERE OTHER WAYS OF INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGE?
THE ANSWER IS A RESOUNDING YES! SCIENCE REPORTS THAT DEFORESTATION HAS AS MUCH OF AN EFFECT ON CLIMATE CHANGES AS DOES THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS. MOST OF US ARE AWARE THAT TREES ARE ONE OF THE MAJOR STOREHOUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE. PLANTS ABSORB CARBON FROM THE ATMOSPHERE, MIX IT WITH WATER AND MINERALS TO FORM A SUGAR SUBSTANCE THAT FEEDS THE TREE. THE TREE TAKES IN A LITTLE OVER ONE POUND OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO PRODUCE A POUND OF WOOD FIBER AND DISCHARGES CLOSE TO ONE AND A HALF POUND OF OXYGEN BACK INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. THE PROCESS IS KNOWN AS PHOTOSYNTHESIS. THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST EFFICIENT MEANS OF REDUCING THE ATMOSPHERIC LEVEL OF CARBON DIOXIDE. TREES BEING ONE OF THE MAJOR STORE HOUSES OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND ARE VITAL TO FUTURE LIFE ON EARTH. WHILE THIS PROCESS IS AT WORK, ANOTHER PROCESS IS OCCURRING, KNOWN AS TRANSPIRATION. THE TREE ABSORBS LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER THROUGH IT’S ROOTS AND LEAVES, BUT ONLY USES THREE PERCENT OF THE WATER IT TAKES IN AND RELEASES THE REMAINDER INTO THE ATMOSPHERE TO FORM CLOUDS AND RAINFALL. WITH ONLY 26% OF OUR ORIGINAL FOREST COVERED LANDS REMAINING, THESE TWO PROCESSES HAVE LOST A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. THESE PROCESSES DO AFFECT CLIMATE CONDITIONS BY SUPPLING THE REQUIRED OXYGEN AND MOISTURE FOR VEGETATION GROWTH ON EARTH, WHICH DOES PROVIDE A DEGREE OF COOLING TO SURFACE TEMPERATURES. SHADE PROVIDED BY TREES COOLS THE SURFACE OF OUR PLANET, AND ALSO SLOWS THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PROCESS OF OUR VALUABLE SURFACE WATER SOURCES.  
DURING LEAF-ON PERIODS TREES PROVIDE SIGNIFICANTLY COOLER TEMPERATURES BY SHADING THE EARTH FROM THE DIRECT HEAT ENERGY FROM THE SUN. OBVIOUSLY, HAVING DESTROYED SEVENTY-FIVE PERCENT OF OUR FOREST COVERED ACREAGE, THE COOLING EFFECT OF TREE SHADE HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED. DEFORESTATION HAS A MORE DEVASTATING EFFECT BY ALLOWING THE ABSORPTION OF EVEN LARGER AMOUNTS OF THE SUN’S ENERGY, AND RAISING SURFACE TEMPERATURES SIGNIFICANTLY. RELYING ON CLEAR-CUTTING, AS THE PREFERRED SILVICULTURAL TREATMENT TO MAXIMIZE WOOD FIBER PRODUCTION PER ACRE, INCREASES SURFACE TEMPERATURES AS HIGHER LEVELS OF SOLAR ENERGY IS ABSORBED. WE ARE JUST BEGINNING TO RECOGNIZE THE IMPACT FORESTS HAVE ON WHAT IS CALLED, ALBEDO. ALBEDO IS A METHOD OF MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY THE EARTH’S SURFACE ABSORBS FROM THE ATMOSPHERE. CLEARED LAND HAS A RATING OF ZERO AND ABSORBS ALMOST 100 % OF THE ENERGY, THUS WARMING THE SURFACE MORE. A RATING OF .5 MEANS THE SURFACE IS REFLECTING 50% OF THE ENERGY BACK INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. THE TYPE OF SPECIES AND THE DENSITY OF THE TREES EFFECTS THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY BEING ABSORBED BY THE LAND SURFACE, AND AFFECTS CLIMATE CONDITIONS. HOW OUR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ARE MANAGED CAN ACTUALLY INFLUENCE EARTH’S SURFACE TEMPERATURES. ONCE AGAIN, AS OUR FORESTED ACREAGE SHRINKS, SURFACE TEMPERATURES WILL CONTINUE TO RISE.
LARGE AREAS OF FOREST COVERED LAND PROVIDE A ROUGH SURFACE WHICH EFFECTS WIND VELOCITY AND DIRECTION. ALTHOUGH, HIGH VELOCITY WINDS, SUCH AS TORNADOES AND HURRICANES CAN DEVASTATE LARGE TRACKS OF FOREST COVER, TREE COVER DOES REDUCE WIND VELOCITY AND THE SEVERITY OF STORMS. LOWERING WIND SPEEDS DOES SLOW THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE OF SURFACE MOISTURE, HELPING TO DECREASE THE EFFECTS OF MORE SEVERE STORMS.
WITH THE WARMING OF TEMPERATURES ON OUR PLANET, THE TREE LINE IS ACTUALLY EXPANDING IN OUR NORTHERN BOREAL FORESTS DUE TO THE RAISING TEMPERATURES WE ARE EXPERIENCING. THIS CREATES ANOTHER PROBLEM WHICH IS RESULTING IN CLIMATE CHANGE. AS THE TEMPERATURES WARM, THE ARTIC PERMAFROST MELTS CAUSING THE TREE LINE TO MOVE NORTH. THIS IS CAUSING MAJOR CHANGES IN THESE FAR NORTH ECOSYSTEMS. THE PERMAFROST CONTAINS VERY HIGH LEVELS OF STORED CARBON DIOXIDE, AND AS IT MELTS THE CARBON DIOXIDE IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE CAUSING SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN ATMOSPHERIC LEVELS OF GREEN HOUSE GASES. IF ALL OF OUR PERMAFROST WERE TO MELT, THE CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS IN OUR ATMOSPHERE WOULD FAR EXCEED WHAT HUMAN BEINGS COULD TOLERATE.
THE TRUTH IS, FOREST COVER DOES EFFECT CLIMATE CHANGE AS MUCH AS THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS. WE HAVE 194 COUNTRIES FOCUSED ON TRYING TO SOLVE THE CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUE BY REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. MOST PROGRAMS ARE FOCUSED ON REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS BY FINDING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES THUS, THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS HAS BEEN GETTING THE VAST MAJORITY OF ATTENTION. EQUAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE FOCUSED THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED LANDS! CURRENT MANAGEMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOCUS ON THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FROM THE FORESTS, AND DEMAND CHANGING TO A FOCUS ON THE HEALTH AND DIVERSITY OF THE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS.
THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY TREE COVER AND HOW THESE TREE COVERED AREAS ARE MANAGED. IT SHOULD BE OBVIOUS THAT THE CURRENT PREFERRED EVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, TO INCREASE WOOD FIBER PRODUCTION, ARE NOT THE BEST OPTION FOR SLOWING CLIMATE CHANGE. DEFORESTATION IS EVEN MORE DEVASTATING ON CLIMATE CONDITIONS. AS THE WORLDS POPULATION CONTINUES ITS CURRENT RATE OF EXPANSION, THE DEMAND FOR LAND CLEARING WILL EXPAND. THE UNITED NATION’S ESTIMATES THAT WE ARE DEFORESTING 10 MILLION HECTARES OF FOREST LANDS EVERY YEAR.  WITH ONLY A LITTLE OVER ONE QUARTER OF OUR ORIGINAL FORESTED LANDS REMAINING, WE MUST FOCUS ON QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF WHAT REMAINS, AND ATTEMPT TO REDUCE DEFORESTATION TO MINIMAL LEVELS.
YES, FOREST COVERED LANDS DO IMPACT CLIMATE CONDITIONS AS MUCH AS THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS! WE MUST CHANGE OUR MANAGEMENT GOALS FOR THE REMAINING FORESTED AREAS, AND IT DOES NOT REQUIRE LEGISLATIVE ACTION. THE FOCUS NEEDS TO BE ON OUR PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS AND IT ONLY REQUIRES EXECUTIVE ORDERS OR LEADERSHIP DIRECTION. CLIMATE CONDITIONS ARE CHANGING AND WE CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT! PROPER FOREST MANAGEMENT GOALS ARE ESSENTIAL AND MUST FOCUS ON A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF LIFE SUSTAINING ELEMENTS THAT ARE PROVIDED BY HEALTHY AND DIVERSE FORESTS ECOSYSTEMS. WE CAN IMPROVE OUR FUTURE DESTINY! LIVING IN BALANCE WITH THE NATURAL WORLD AND REALIZING WE ARE BUT ONE PART OF NATURE, MUST BE OUR GOAL! FUTURE GENERATIONS ARE DEPENDING UPON THE ACTIONS WE TAKE TODAY!         

0 Comments

February 06th, 2024

2/6/2024

0 Comments

 
                                                                      SUSTAINABILITY OF WHAT?
 
TODAY, WE HEAR AN INCREASING REFERENCE TO “SUSTAINABILITY” WHEN FOREST MANAGERS AND SCIENTISTS DISCUSS MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED AREAS. UNFORTUNATELY, SUSTAINABILITY HAS BEEN DEFINED AS A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF RESOURCES FROM THE FORESTS SINCE FOREST MANAGEMENT WAS FIRST INTRODUCED IN THE 1880’S. GIFFORD PINCHOT DEFINED FORESTRY AS “GROWING TREES AS CROPS”, AND IN 1905 WAS APPOINTED THE FIRST CHIEF OF THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE. A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF GOODS AND SERVICES FROM THE FORESTS BECAME THE MANAGEMENT GOAL OF THE AGENCY. THIS DEFINITION WAS RE-ENFORCED BY THE PASSAGE OF THE MULTIPLE USE SUSTAINED YIELD ACT OF 1960.
TODAY, WE FIND A FEW INDIVIDUALS AND CURRICULUMS AT NATURAL RESOURCE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES WHICH FOCUS ON THE SUBJECT OF SUSTAINABILITY. WE FREQUENTLY RECEIVE NEWS OF FORESTRY GRAD STUDENTS RESEARCHING VARIOUS ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AS PART OF THEIR MASTERS OR DOCTORATE THESIS. IT APPEARS THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY HAS BECOME AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED LANDS, PARTICULARLY OUR PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS. SELDOM DO I FIND INFORMATION THAT PROVIDES THE UNDERSTANDING OF SUSTAINABILITY OF WHAT. ARE WE FOCUSED ON A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF RESOURCES FROM THE FORESTS, OR ARE WE FOCUSED ON A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF THE ELEMENTS FORESTS PROVIDE, THAT ARE VITAL TO THE SUSTENANCE OF LIFE ON EARTH? THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION IS IMPORTANT, AS THE VAST MAJORITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS ON OUR PLANET CAN NOT SURVIVE WITHOUT FORESTS AND TREES.
WHEN I READ LITERATURE PREPARED BY TOP MANAGEMENT OF VARIOUS AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATION, I FEEL LIKE MAYBE WE ARE FINALLY BEGINNING TO SEE THE BIG PICTURE, BUT THEN I VISIT THE LOCAL MANAGEMENT UNITS AND FIND THINGS ARE PRETTY MUCH THE SAME AS THEY HAVE ALWAYS BEEN. TIMBER SALE AREAS STILL COVER LARGE AREAS WITH THE SAME SILVICULTURAL TREATMENT, CLEAR-CUTTING IS STILL THE PREFERRED TREATMENT METHOD AND TREATMENT AREAS ARE SELECTED PRIMARILY TO MEET ASSIGNED SALE TARGETS WITH LITTLE, IF ANY, ATTENTION PAID TO DIVERSITY OR ECOSYSTEM CONDITIONS AND NEEDS. THE ABILITY TO “READ THE LAND” AND PRESCRIBE THE BEST TREATMENT, SEEMS LOST IF EVER UNDERSTOOD. THE PROFESSIONAL BIOLOGISTS SPEND MOST OF THEIR TIME PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS, WITH VERY LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF DETAILED SITE CONDITIONS. THE LARGE NUMBER OF ECOSYSTEMS THAT MAKE UP THE TREATMENT AREA, ARE COMPLETELY IGNORED. WE DON’T EVEN THINK ABOUT THE INDIVIDUAL ECOSYSTEMS OR COMMUNITIES, AND THE ORIGINAL DIVERSITY IS DESTROYED RATHER THAN SUPPORTED OR ENHANCED. SCIENTISTS MUST BECOME AWARE OF THE VARIETY OF FACTORS AND CONDITIONS THAT DETERMINE THE SPECIES, DENSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE VEGETATION THAT GROWS ON INDIVIDUAL SITES WHICH PROVIDED THE NATURAL DIVERSITY IN THE ORIGINAL ECOSYSTEM. THIS INFORMATION IS ESSENTIAL TO DETERMINE BEST TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL UNITS.
ON OUR WESTERN NATIONAL FORESTS, A RANGER DISTRICT MAY INCLUDE FIVE TO SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRES, AND THE SCIENTISTS COMPLAIN THEY SIMPLY DO NOT HAVE THE TIME OR STAFF TO COLLECT INDIVIDUAL STAND DATA. I WAS THE ASSISTANT RANGER ON A 200,000 ACRE DISTRICT IN SOUTHERN MISSOURI AND THREE SCIENTISTS, INCLUDING MYSELF, IN A TWO-YEAR PERIOD MANAGED TO PERSONALLY VISIT AND MAP EACH STAND AND COLLECT THE INITIAL DATA FOR EACH UNIT. THE PROJECT FOUND THE AVERAGE SIZE OF A STAND TO BE 35 ACRES. DATA WAS RECORDED IN A SYSTEM THAT ALLOWED US TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION FOR VARIOUS VEGETATIVE CONDITIONS AND NEEDS. WE REALIZED THIS WAS JUST THE BEGINNING AND PLANNED TO FOLLOW UP TO IMPROVE THE DATA ON A TEN-YEAR CYCLE. MANY YEARS LATER, I REALIZED THAT WHAT WE CALLED STANDS WERE ACTUALLY ECOSYSTEMS OR COMMUNITIES RESULTING FROM THE SITE CHARACTERISTICS.
I HAVE SPENT A GREAT MANY HOUR’S OBSERVING WILDLIFE USE PATTERNS, WHICH HAS ENLIGHTENED ME TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY AND BALANCE WITHIN ECOSYSTEMS. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED OUR ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE AND OBSERVE THESE UNIQUE ECOSYSTEMS THAT MAKE UP OUR FORESTS. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR PERSONAL OBSERVATION OF ECOSYSTEM CONDITIONS WHEN DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS TO MAINTAIN THE HEALTH, VIGOR AND DIVERSITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES. BOOTS ON THE GROUND ARE ESSENTIAL AND THE ABILITY TO READ THE LAND MANDATORY!
THE FUTURE OF MANKIND DEPENDS UPON THE EFFICIENT AND BALANCED FUNCTIONING OF OUR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS. RECENT STUDIES INDICATE ONLY 3 PERCENT OF EARTH’S ECOSYSTEMS ARE CURRENTLY IN BALANCE AND FULLY FUNCTIONAL. THIS INCLUDES ALL ECOSYSTEMS ON LAND AND SEA. THERE IS A MAJOR EFFORT NEEDED IF WE HOPE TO PROLONG MANKIND’S FUTURE, AND CHANGE MUST START NOW. A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES FROM OUR REMAINING FORESTS WILL NOT PROVIDE OUR DESIRED FUTURE, AND THE DEMAND FOR MORE WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE AS THE WORLD POPULATION GROWS. FOREST LAND MANAGING INSTITUTIONS MUST ADJUST THEIR GOALS AND FOCUS ON FOREST HEALTH AND DIVERSITY. SUSTAINABILITY MUST FOCUS ON THE ABILITY OF OUR SHRINKING FOREST LANDS TO SUPPLY THE ELEMENTS REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN LIFE ON PLANET EARTH! THE FOREST RESOURCES BECOME THE BY-PRODUCTS OF TREATMENTS DESIGNED FOR PROPER MANAGEMENT, NOT THE GOAL!  UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTING NATURE’S WAY IS A MORE INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY THAN CURRENT MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHIES, BUT WILL PAY LARGE DIVIDENDS FOR HUMANITY’S FUTURE!         
    

0 Comments

    Archives

    July 2024
    June 2024
    May 2024
    March 2024
    February 2024
    January 2024
    December 2023
    November 2023
    October 2023
    September 2023
    August 2023
    July 2023
    May 2023
    April 2023
    March 2023
    January 2023
    December 2022
    November 2022
    October 2022
    September 2022
    August 2022
    July 2022
    June 2022
    May 2022
    March 2022
    February 2022
    January 2022
    December 2021
    November 2021
    October 2021
    September 2021
    November 2020
    September 2020
    August 2020
    July 2020
    June 2020
    May 2020
    April 2020
    March 2020
    February 2020
    January 2020
    December 2019
    November 2019
    October 2019
    September 2019
    August 2019
    July 2019
    June 2019
    May 2019
    April 2019
    March 2019
    February 2019
    January 2019
    December 2018
    November 2018
    October 2018
    September 2018
    August 2018
    July 2018
    June 2018
    May 2018
    April 2018
    March 2018
    February 2018
    January 2018
    December 2017
    November 2017
    October 2017
    September 2017
    August 2017
    July 2017
    June 2017
    May 2017
    April 2017
    February 2017
    January 2017
    December 2016
    November 2016
    October 2016
    September 2016
    August 2016
    July 2016
    June 2016
    May 2016
    April 2016
    March 2016
    February 2016
    January 2016
    December 2015
    November 2015
    October 2015
    September 2015
    August 2015
    July 2015
    June 2015
    May 2015
    April 2015
    March 2015
    February 2015
    January 2015
    December 2014
    November 2014
    October 2014
    September 2014
    August 2014
    July 2014
    June 2014
    May 2014
    April 2014
    March 2014
    December 2013

Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates.