TREES OF LIFE:FORESTS IN PERIL
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THE EFFECT TREES HAVE ON CLIMATE!

2/19/2024

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                                                                TREE COVER AND CLIMATE CHANGE
 
THE CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS SHOULD BE A PRIORITY CONCERN TODAY, FOR OUR WORLDWIDE CITIZENS! RECENT REPORTS CONFIRM THAT THE SUMMER OF 2023 HAS BEEN THE WARMEST SUMMER MONTHS SINCE WE BEGAN RECORDING TEMPERATURES. MAJOR EFFORTS HAVE BEEN UNDERTAKEN TO FIND ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES TO REDUCE THE RELEASE OF GREENHOUSE GASES INTO OUR ATMOSPHERE. THE VAST MAJORITY OF THE PROGRAMS FOCUS ON THE REDUCTION OF FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION TO REDUCE CARBON EMISSIONS. MANY NEW POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS, SUCH AS SOLAR AND WIND GENERATING FIELDS, HAVE BEEN QUITE CONTROVERSIAL, DUE TO THE OBTRUSIVE APPEARANCE OF THE STRUCTURES AND LOSS OF USE OF THE LAND. DEVELOPMENT PERMITS HAVE BEEN DENIED IN NUMEROUS CASES AS A RESULT OF LOCAL PRESSURE. THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT HAS FINANCIALLY SUPPORTED MANY OF THESE ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PROJECTS, IN AN EFFORT TO REDUCE THE CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS. WE NEED TO CONTINUE OUR SUPPORT FOR THESE FORWARD-THINKING PROJECTS, BUT MUST ASK, ARE THERE OTHER WAYS OF INFLUENCING CLIMATE CHANGE?
THE ANSWER IS A RESOUNDING YES! SCIENCE REPORTS THAT DEFORESTATION HAS AS MUCH OF AN EFFECT ON CLIMATE CHANGES AS DOES THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS. MOST OF US ARE AWARE THAT TREES ARE ONE OF THE MAJOR STOREHOUSE OF CARBON DIOXIDE. PLANTS ABSORB CARBON FROM THE ATMOSPHERE, MIX IT WITH WATER AND MINERALS TO FORM A SUGAR SUBSTANCE THAT FEEDS THE TREE. THE TREE TAKES IN A LITTLE OVER ONE POUND OF CARBON DIOXIDE TO PRODUCE A POUND OF WOOD FIBER AND DISCHARGES CLOSE TO ONE AND A HALF POUND OF OXYGEN BACK INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. THE PROCESS IS KNOWN AS PHOTOSYNTHESIS. THIS IS ONE OF THE MOST EFFICIENT MEANS OF REDUCING THE ATMOSPHERIC LEVEL OF CARBON DIOXIDE. TREES BEING ONE OF THE MAJOR STORE HOUSES OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND ARE VITAL TO FUTURE LIFE ON EARTH. WHILE THIS PROCESS IS AT WORK, ANOTHER PROCESS IS OCCURRING, KNOWN AS TRANSPIRATION. THE TREE ABSORBS LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER THROUGH IT’S ROOTS AND LEAVES, BUT ONLY USES THREE PERCENT OF THE WATER IT TAKES IN AND RELEASES THE REMAINDER INTO THE ATMOSPHERE TO FORM CLOUDS AND RAINFALL. WITH ONLY 26% OF OUR ORIGINAL FOREST COVERED LANDS REMAINING, THESE TWO PROCESSES HAVE LOST A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF THEIR EFFECTIVENESS. THESE PROCESSES DO AFFECT CLIMATE CONDITIONS BY SUPPLING THE REQUIRED OXYGEN AND MOISTURE FOR VEGETATION GROWTH ON EARTH, WHICH DOES PROVIDE A DEGREE OF COOLING TO SURFACE TEMPERATURES. SHADE PROVIDED BY TREES COOLS THE SURFACE OF OUR PLANET, AND ALSO SLOWS THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION PROCESS OF OUR VALUABLE SURFACE WATER SOURCES.  
DURING LEAF-ON PERIODS TREES PROVIDE SIGNIFICANTLY COOLER TEMPERATURES BY SHADING THE EARTH FROM THE DIRECT HEAT ENERGY FROM THE SUN. OBVIOUSLY, HAVING DESTROYED SEVENTY-FIVE PERCENT OF OUR FOREST COVERED ACREAGE, THE COOLING EFFECT OF TREE SHADE HAS BEEN SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED. DEFORESTATION HAS A MORE DEVASTATING EFFECT BY ALLOWING THE ABSORPTION OF EVEN LARGER AMOUNTS OF THE SUN’S ENERGY, AND RAISING SURFACE TEMPERATURES SIGNIFICANTLY. RELYING ON CLEAR-CUTTING, AS THE PREFERRED SILVICULTURAL TREATMENT TO MAXIMIZE WOOD FIBER PRODUCTION PER ACRE, INCREASES SURFACE TEMPERATURES AS HIGHER LEVELS OF SOLAR ENERGY IS ABSORBED. WE ARE JUST BEGINNING TO RECOGNIZE THE IMPACT FORESTS HAVE ON WHAT IS CALLED, ALBEDO. ALBEDO IS A METHOD OF MEASURING THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR ENERGY THE EARTH’S SURFACE ABSORBS FROM THE ATMOSPHERE. CLEARED LAND HAS A RATING OF ZERO AND ABSORBS ALMOST 100 % OF THE ENERGY, THUS WARMING THE SURFACE MORE. A RATING OF .5 MEANS THE SURFACE IS REFLECTING 50% OF THE ENERGY BACK INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. THE TYPE OF SPECIES AND THE DENSITY OF THE TREES EFFECTS THE AMOUNT OF ENERGY BEING ABSORBED BY THE LAND SURFACE, AND AFFECTS CLIMATE CONDITIONS. HOW OUR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS ARE MANAGED CAN ACTUALLY INFLUENCE EARTH’S SURFACE TEMPERATURES. ONCE AGAIN, AS OUR FORESTED ACREAGE SHRINKS, SURFACE TEMPERATURES WILL CONTINUE TO RISE.
LARGE AREAS OF FOREST COVERED LAND PROVIDE A ROUGH SURFACE WHICH EFFECTS WIND VELOCITY AND DIRECTION. ALTHOUGH, HIGH VELOCITY WINDS, SUCH AS TORNADOES AND HURRICANES CAN DEVASTATE LARGE TRACKS OF FOREST COVER, TREE COVER DOES REDUCE WIND VELOCITY AND THE SEVERITY OF STORMS. LOWERING WIND SPEEDS DOES SLOW THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION RATE OF SURFACE MOISTURE, HELPING TO DECREASE THE EFFECTS OF MORE SEVERE STORMS.
WITH THE WARMING OF TEMPERATURES ON OUR PLANET, THE TREE LINE IS ACTUALLY EXPANDING IN OUR NORTHERN BOREAL FORESTS DUE TO THE RAISING TEMPERATURES WE ARE EXPERIENCING. THIS CREATES ANOTHER PROBLEM WHICH IS RESULTING IN CLIMATE CHANGE. AS THE TEMPERATURES WARM, THE ARTIC PERMAFROST MELTS CAUSING THE TREE LINE TO MOVE NORTH. THIS IS CAUSING MAJOR CHANGES IN THESE FAR NORTH ECOSYSTEMS. THE PERMAFROST CONTAINS VERY HIGH LEVELS OF STORED CARBON DIOXIDE, AND AS IT MELTS THE CARBON DIOXIDE IS RELEASED INTO THE ATMOSPHERE CAUSING SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN ATMOSPHERIC LEVELS OF GREEN HOUSE GASES. IF ALL OF OUR PERMAFROST WERE TO MELT, THE CARBON DIOXIDE LEVELS IN OUR ATMOSPHERE WOULD FAR EXCEED WHAT HUMAN BEINGS COULD TOLERATE.
THE TRUTH IS, FOREST COVER DOES EFFECT CLIMATE CHANGE AS MUCH AS THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS. WE HAVE 194 COUNTRIES FOCUSED ON TRYING TO SOLVE THE CLIMATE CHANGE ISSUE BY REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. MOST PROGRAMS ARE FOCUSED ON REDUCING CARBON EMISSIONS BY FINDING ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES THUS, THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS HAS BEEN GETTING THE VAST MAJORITY OF ATTENTION. EQUAL ATTENTION SHOULD BE FOCUSED THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED LANDS! CURRENT MANAGEMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOCUS ON THE PRODUCTION OF GOODS AND SERVICES FROM THE FORESTS, AND DEMAND CHANGING TO A FOCUS ON THE HEALTH AND DIVERSITY OF THE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS.
THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ARE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY TREE COVER AND HOW THESE TREE COVERED AREAS ARE MANAGED. IT SHOULD BE OBVIOUS THAT THE CURRENT PREFERRED EVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT PRACTICES, TO INCREASE WOOD FIBER PRODUCTION, ARE NOT THE BEST OPTION FOR SLOWING CLIMATE CHANGE. DEFORESTATION IS EVEN MORE DEVASTATING ON CLIMATE CONDITIONS. AS THE WORLDS POPULATION CONTINUES ITS CURRENT RATE OF EXPANSION, THE DEMAND FOR LAND CLEARING WILL EXPAND. THE UNITED NATION’S ESTIMATES THAT WE ARE DEFORESTING 10 MILLION HECTARES OF FOREST LANDS EVERY YEAR.  WITH ONLY A LITTLE OVER ONE QUARTER OF OUR ORIGINAL FORESTED LANDS REMAINING, WE MUST FOCUS ON QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF WHAT REMAINS, AND ATTEMPT TO REDUCE DEFORESTATION TO MINIMAL LEVELS.
YES, FOREST COVERED LANDS DO IMPACT CLIMATE CONDITIONS AS MUCH AS THE CONSUMPTION OF FOSSIL FUELS! WE MUST CHANGE OUR MANAGEMENT GOALS FOR THE REMAINING FORESTED AREAS, AND IT DOES NOT REQUIRE LEGISLATIVE ACTION. THE FOCUS NEEDS TO BE ON OUR PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS AND IT ONLY REQUIRES EXECUTIVE ORDERS OR LEADERSHIP DIRECTION. CLIMATE CONDITIONS ARE CHANGING AND WE CAN DO SOMETHING ABOUT IT! PROPER FOREST MANAGEMENT GOALS ARE ESSENTIAL AND MUST FOCUS ON A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF LIFE SUSTAINING ELEMENTS THAT ARE PROVIDED BY HEALTHY AND DIVERSE FORESTS ECOSYSTEMS. WE CAN IMPROVE OUR FUTURE DESTINY! LIVING IN BALANCE WITH THE NATURAL WORLD AND REALIZING WE ARE BUT ONE PART OF NATURE, MUST BE OUR GOAL! FUTURE GENERATIONS ARE DEPENDING UPON THE ACTIONS WE TAKE TODAY!         

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February 06th, 2024

2/6/2024

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                                                                      SUSTAINABILITY OF WHAT?
 
TODAY, WE HEAR AN INCREASING REFERENCE TO “SUSTAINABILITY” WHEN FOREST MANAGERS AND SCIENTISTS DISCUSS MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED AREAS. UNFORTUNATELY, SUSTAINABILITY HAS BEEN DEFINED AS A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF RESOURCES FROM THE FORESTS SINCE FOREST MANAGEMENT WAS FIRST INTRODUCED IN THE 1880’S. GIFFORD PINCHOT DEFINED FORESTRY AS “GROWING TREES AS CROPS”, AND IN 1905 WAS APPOINTED THE FIRST CHIEF OF THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE. A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF GOODS AND SERVICES FROM THE FORESTS BECAME THE MANAGEMENT GOAL OF THE AGENCY. THIS DEFINITION WAS RE-ENFORCED BY THE PASSAGE OF THE MULTIPLE USE SUSTAINED YIELD ACT OF 1960.
TODAY, WE FIND A FEW INDIVIDUALS AND CURRICULUMS AT NATURAL RESOURCE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES WHICH FOCUS ON THE SUBJECT OF SUSTAINABILITY. WE FREQUENTLY RECEIVE NEWS OF FORESTRY GRAD STUDENTS RESEARCHING VARIOUS ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABILITY AS PART OF THEIR MASTERS OR DOCTORATE THESIS. IT APPEARS THE CONCEPT OF SUSTAINABILITY HAS BECOME AN IMPORTANT CONSIDERATION IN THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED LANDS, PARTICULARLY OUR PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS. SELDOM DO I FIND INFORMATION THAT PROVIDES THE UNDERSTANDING OF SUSTAINABILITY OF WHAT. ARE WE FOCUSED ON A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF RESOURCES FROM THE FORESTS, OR ARE WE FOCUSED ON A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF THE ELEMENTS FORESTS PROVIDE, THAT ARE VITAL TO THE SUSTENANCE OF LIFE ON EARTH? THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION IS IMPORTANT, AS THE VAST MAJORITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS ON OUR PLANET CAN NOT SURVIVE WITHOUT FORESTS AND TREES.
WHEN I READ LITERATURE PREPARED BY TOP MANAGEMENT OF VARIOUS AGENCIES AND ORGANIZATION, I FEEL LIKE MAYBE WE ARE FINALLY BEGINNING TO SEE THE BIG PICTURE, BUT THEN I VISIT THE LOCAL MANAGEMENT UNITS AND FIND THINGS ARE PRETTY MUCH THE SAME AS THEY HAVE ALWAYS BEEN. TIMBER SALE AREAS STILL COVER LARGE AREAS WITH THE SAME SILVICULTURAL TREATMENT, CLEAR-CUTTING IS STILL THE PREFERRED TREATMENT METHOD AND TREATMENT AREAS ARE SELECTED PRIMARILY TO MEET ASSIGNED SALE TARGETS WITH LITTLE, IF ANY, ATTENTION PAID TO DIVERSITY OR ECOSYSTEM CONDITIONS AND NEEDS. THE ABILITY TO “READ THE LAND” AND PRESCRIBE THE BEST TREATMENT, SEEMS LOST IF EVER UNDERSTOOD. THE PROFESSIONAL BIOLOGISTS SPEND MOST OF THEIR TIME PREPARING ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS, WITH VERY LIMITED KNOWLEDGE OF DETAILED SITE CONDITIONS. THE LARGE NUMBER OF ECOSYSTEMS THAT MAKE UP THE TREATMENT AREA, ARE COMPLETELY IGNORED. WE DON’T EVEN THINK ABOUT THE INDIVIDUAL ECOSYSTEMS OR COMMUNITIES, AND THE ORIGINAL DIVERSITY IS DESTROYED RATHER THAN SUPPORTED OR ENHANCED. SCIENTISTS MUST BECOME AWARE OF THE VARIETY OF FACTORS AND CONDITIONS THAT DETERMINE THE SPECIES, DENSITY AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THE VEGETATION THAT GROWS ON INDIVIDUAL SITES WHICH PROVIDED THE NATURAL DIVERSITY IN THE ORIGINAL ECOSYSTEM. THIS INFORMATION IS ESSENTIAL TO DETERMINE BEST TREATMENT OPTIONS FOR INDIVIDUAL UNITS.
ON OUR WESTERN NATIONAL FORESTS, A RANGER DISTRICT MAY INCLUDE FIVE TO SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND ACRES, AND THE SCIENTISTS COMPLAIN THEY SIMPLY DO NOT HAVE THE TIME OR STAFF TO COLLECT INDIVIDUAL STAND DATA. I WAS THE ASSISTANT RANGER ON A 200,000 ACRE DISTRICT IN SOUTHERN MISSOURI AND THREE SCIENTISTS, INCLUDING MYSELF, IN A TWO-YEAR PERIOD MANAGED TO PERSONALLY VISIT AND MAP EACH STAND AND COLLECT THE INITIAL DATA FOR EACH UNIT. THE PROJECT FOUND THE AVERAGE SIZE OF A STAND TO BE 35 ACRES. DATA WAS RECORDED IN A SYSTEM THAT ALLOWED US TO RETRIEVE INFORMATION FOR VARIOUS VEGETATIVE CONDITIONS AND NEEDS. WE REALIZED THIS WAS JUST THE BEGINNING AND PLANNED TO FOLLOW UP TO IMPROVE THE DATA ON A TEN-YEAR CYCLE. MANY YEARS LATER, I REALIZED THAT WHAT WE CALLED STANDS WERE ACTUALLY ECOSYSTEMS OR COMMUNITIES RESULTING FROM THE SITE CHARACTERISTICS.
I HAVE SPENT A GREAT MANY HOUR’S OBSERVING WILDLIFE USE PATTERNS, WHICH HAS ENLIGHTENED ME TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY AND BALANCE WITHIN ECOSYSTEMS. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENTS HAVE SIGNIFICANTLY IMPROVED OUR ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE AND OBSERVE THESE UNIQUE ECOSYSTEMS THAT MAKE UP OUR FORESTS. UNFORTUNATELY, THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR PERSONAL OBSERVATION OF ECOSYSTEM CONDITIONS WHEN DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT PRESCRIPTIONS TO MAINTAIN THE HEALTH, VIGOR AND DIVERSITY OF THE INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES. BOOTS ON THE GROUND ARE ESSENTIAL AND THE ABILITY TO READ THE LAND MANDATORY!
THE FUTURE OF MANKIND DEPENDS UPON THE EFFICIENT AND BALANCED FUNCTIONING OF OUR FOREST ECOSYSTEMS. RECENT STUDIES INDICATE ONLY 3 PERCENT OF EARTH’S ECOSYSTEMS ARE CURRENTLY IN BALANCE AND FULLY FUNCTIONAL. THIS INCLUDES ALL ECOSYSTEMS ON LAND AND SEA. THERE IS A MAJOR EFFORT NEEDED IF WE HOPE TO PROLONG MANKIND’S FUTURE, AND CHANGE MUST START NOW. A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF RENEWABLE RESOURCES FROM OUR REMAINING FORESTS WILL NOT PROVIDE OUR DESIRED FUTURE, AND THE DEMAND FOR MORE WILL CONTINUE TO INCREASE AS THE WORLD POPULATION GROWS. FOREST LAND MANAGING INSTITUTIONS MUST ADJUST THEIR GOALS AND FOCUS ON FOREST HEALTH AND DIVERSITY. SUSTAINABILITY MUST FOCUS ON THE ABILITY OF OUR SHRINKING FOREST LANDS TO SUPPLY THE ELEMENTS REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN LIFE ON PLANET EARTH! THE FOREST RESOURCES BECOME THE BY-PRODUCTS OF TREATMENTS DESIGNED FOR PROPER MANAGEMENT, NOT THE GOAL!  UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTING NATURE’S WAY IS A MORE INTENSIVE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY THAN CURRENT MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHIES, BUT WILL PAY LARGE DIVIDENDS FOR HUMANITY’S FUTURE!         
    

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January 16th, 2024

1/16/2024

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                                    THE DISCONNECT BETWEEN MODERN LIFE AND NATURE
 
Recent studies now confirm the 1950’s initiated a major change in society’s appreciation and connection to nature and its life-sustaining benefits. Life on Earth actually requires the elements only nature can provide. Numerous studies have documented the psychological and physical benefits of the natural world. Eighty percent of all living organisms could not survive without trees and forests, and people who are connected to nature are happier, feel more vital and have more meaning in their lives. Current studies found that hospital patients require less pain medication, show less fatigue and recover faster when they can view outdoor vegetation from their room. Yet, our appreciation for nature and the life-sustaining elements it provides, is becoming less important with each passing day. Sadly, our children today can identify more Pokémon characters than species of wildlife. Yes, much has changed with the increase in urbanization and advanced technology, including our modern-day advanced dependency on computer technology by young and old.
Since graduating from high school in the mid-1950’s, and I have observed major changes in society’s connection to nature over the past 70 years. I still remember when I was 10 years old, my best friend and I, skipped school to spent the day trying to capture an orphaned cub bear and the trouble we encountered when our parents finally found us that evening. Fortunately, we were unsuccessful. At 12 years old, I spent hours stalking squirrels and rabbits which my grandmother cooked for me. My uncle, who was only 4 years older than me, use to let me help run traplines for muskrats and sell the hides for one dollar a pellet. By 14, I had a business selling nightcrawlers for fishing bait and was learning to fly-fish for crappies and trout. Much of my time was spent enjoying nature. Realizing my connection to nature was what life was about back then, and is certainly why the natural world became my life’s focus. My career with the U.S. Forest Service, unfortunately, found me caught up in this National effort to focus on what we can extract from the forests rather than what the forests needed from humanity. 25 years later, little has changed in the management goals for our remaining forest covered lands! We still focus on a sustainable flow of products from the forest, instead of the required elements that sustain life which only our remaining forested lands can provide!
Retirement provided time to reflect on what I had experienced and observed. The picture wasn’t as pretty as I remembered, and it left me questioning and deeply concerned. With further study and analysis, it became apparent that our relationship with nature is being radically restructured by human advancements. Advanced technology is resulting in our world becoming increasingly divided between the natural and the unnatural. It is vital we rediscover our dependent connection to the natural world, if we desire to prolong human existence on Earth! We must remember that we co-evolved with nature and are just part of nature, which explains why we benefit health wise and psychologically from our interaction with nature.
As important as our connection to the natural world is, I have been troubled by the fact society has become so alienated from nature! It seems impossible that people are still ignoring the detrimental damage humanity has had on the natural world. We are alerted, almost daily, to the facts that our weather is changing, sea levels are rising, the world populations are expanding and the carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere is rapidly increasing. Recent data confirms that our interest and appreciation for nature is rapidly declining and the consequences are detrimental to life on Earth.
The trend to urbanization, which swallows up natural areas and removes people from their natural surroundings, is one of the dominate reasons for humanity’s disconnect from nature. We now have generations that cannot see beyond the local grocery store for the source of their food. We just experienced a massive winter storm that has taken at least 60 lives. It was a storm like we have not experienced in modern times. The frequency and severity of major storms, due to changing climatic conditions, has intensified worldwide, yet little is being done to find solutions to improve the issue.   
The other major change, that has influenced humanity’s connection to nature, is the rapid advancements in technology. We have almost reached the point we believe we can substitute technology for nature! With our superior intelligence, we now think we are capable of creating an artificial nature with technology! We are so advanced, we can scrub the atmosphere of toxic gases, produce artificial oxygen, manufacture the world’s required supply of pure water, control our sea and ocean water levels, convert toxic waste into fertilizer and control the climatic changes we are currently experiencing. We have advanced beyond the abilities of our “Great Creator”. 
There was a time when children played in open green fields and adults spend Sundays in natural surroundings enjoying the peace and tranquility. There is no question that a love for nature is often born from an exposure to nature as a child. The connection to nature is certainly a strong predictor of pro-environmental attitudes and behavior in adults.
Humanity’s advanced scientific minds will never create an artificial nature! Working with nature to restore the damage we have done to the natural world is the only solution available. This requires an in-depth knowledge of nature’s way. It means intensive management of the forest elements required to sustain life, rather than managing the resources from the forests. It won’t be easy, but if we had the intelligence to destroy, we certainly have the ability to help restore and re-build some of the natural world! Nature needs help, and being a part of nature, means it is our responsibility to assist.
The question is, how do we get the general population to accept the magnitude of the issue and become actively involved in finding realistic solutions to protect the natural world? Our current lack of concern for nature, is destroying the future of our own species. The truth is we can do much to prolong life on Earth, but it will require change.  Our grand-children and future generations are depending upon us to find and implement major changes! Alienation must be replaced by concern, ignorance must be replaced by knowledge and facts, and complacency must be replaced by action. Environmental education and the science of forestry, must re-create the goals for managing our remaining forest covered lands!
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THE NEED TO REFOCUS FOREST MANAGEMENT ON IMPROVING AND MAINTAINING BALANCE WITHIN FOREST ECOSYSTEMS.

1/1/2024

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                                                                  RESTORING THE BALANCE
 
THE PAST YEAR, I HAVE BEEN ALERTING PEOPLE TO THE WELL-KNOWN CONCEPT OF CARRYING CAPACITY. CARRYING-CAPACITY DESCRIBES THE ABILITY OF AN ECOSYSTEM TO PROVIDE FOR FLUCTUATING SPECIES POPULATIONS WITHIN THE ECOSYSTEM. NUMEROUS STUDIES AND EXAMPLES HAVE FOCUSED OUR ATTENTION ON WHAT HAPPENS WHEN NON-HUMAN SPECIES EXCEED THE ABILITY OF THEIR ECOSYSTEM TO PROVIDE THE REQUIRED FOOD, RESOURCES AND ENERGY. MOST GAME SPECIES ARE CONSIDERED A STATE RESOURCE, WITH STATE AGENCIES ESTABLISHED TO PROTECT AND MANAGE WILDLIFE POPULATIONS. FOR DECADES, MANAGEMENT HAS INCLUDED EFFORTS TO BALANCE POPULATION NUMBERS WITH THE HABITAT CARRYING CAPACITY. UNFORTUNATELY, THE FOCUS OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE HAS BEEN ON ANIMAL POPULATIONS WITH LITTLE EFFORT DIRECTED AT HUMANS AND EARTH’S LIMITATIONS.
WE HAVE EXPERIENCED PROBLEMS LIKE; WHIRLING DISEASE IN TROUT IN THE GREATER YELLOWSTONE AREA, CHRONIC WASTING DISEASE IN WHITE TAIL DEER IN THE LAKE STATES, BRUCELLOSIS IN THE YELLOWSTONE ELK POPULATION AND THE LIST GOES ON. THESE EXAMPLES HAVE ALL RESULTED FROM OVER-POPULATION OR OVER-CONCENTRATION IN ARTIFICIAL FEED GROUNDS. ALTHOUGH MANAGEMENT PROGRAMS HAVE HAD SOME SUCCESS, EFFORTS TO CONTROL NATURAL REPRODUCTIVE RATES AND POPULATION NUMBERS HAVE BEEN LIMITED. WHAT WE HAVE OBSERVED IN OVER-POPULATION SITUATIONS, IS NATURES WAY OF ATTEMPTING TO RESTORE BALANCE. LACK OF NUTRIENTS AND HABITAT LOSS RESULTS IN WEAKENED INDIVIDUALS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF STARVATION, PESTILENCE AND DISEASE. THIS NATURAL PROCESS HAS BEEN DESIGNED INTO THE CREATION OF THE MAGICAL EARTH SYSTEMS THAT SUPPORT LIFE ON OUR PLANET.
TO SATISFY THE DEMANDS OF THE EVER-INCREASING NUMBERS OF PEOPLE, HUMANS CHOP DOWN FORESTS, BULLDOZE MOUNTAINS, DIVERT STREAMS AND RIVERS, SPRAY POISONS, OVER-HARVESTED ANIMAL AND FISH POPULATIONS, INTRODUCE INVASIVE SPECIES,  PAVED OVER LAND AND THE LIST GOES ON. AFTER ALL, EARTH BELONGS TO US AND IT IS OUR DEVINE RIGHT TO DO AS WE WISH, EVEN IF IT DESTROYS HABITATS, CAUSES SPECIES EXTINCTION AND UPSETS THE BALANCE OF NATURE!
THE TRUTH IS, INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAKS HAVE BEEN INCREASING OVER THE PAST DECADE. EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS  HAVE RAVAGED HUMANITY THROUGHOUT THE PAST, BUT HAVE SERIOUSLY ACCELERATED IN FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY WITH THE RAPIDLY GROWING WORLD POPULATIONS. THE LOSS OF BIO-DIVERSITY DUE TO INCREASED HUMAN ACTIVITY HAS CONTRIBUTED SIGNIFICANTLY TO THE INCREASED SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE. ANOTHER FACTOR THAT CONTRIBUTES TO THE SPREAD OF EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS, HAS BEEN THE DEGRADATION OF NATURAL HABITATS AND THE DESTABILIZATION OF ECOSYSTEMS. EARTH IS MADE UP OF A MULTITUDE OF ECOSYSTEMS, AND THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY INFORMS US THAT ONLY 3% OF OUR WORLDWIDE ECOSYSTEMS ARE CONSIDERED INTACT AND PROPERLY FUNCTIONING. 
THE U. S. CENSUS BUREAU PREDICTS THE WORLD POPULATION WILL REACH 10 BILLION BY 2050, WITH SCIENTISTS AND ECONOMISTS PROJECTING EARTH’S CARRYING-CAPACITY TO BE APPROXIMATELY 10 BILLION PEOPLE. THIS MEANS WE ARE PUSHING THE LIMITS OF OUR HUMAN ECOSYSTEM’S ABILITY TO PROVIDE FOR OVER-POPULATION. I HAVE BEEN RELUCTANT TO ADDRESS THE BIG QUESTION, IS COVID 19 AND OTHER EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS, NATURES WAY OF ATTEMPTING TO RESTORE BALANCE TO EARTH’S ABILITY TO SUPPORT OUR EXPANDING POPULSTION? I AM SURE THIS RAISES MORAL QUESTIONS FOR MANY, BUT IT IS A QUESTION WE MUST ANSWER.
ON MARCH 11TH OF 2020, THE WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION DECLARED THE CORONAVIRUS 19 OUTBREAK A GLOBAL PANDEMIC. COVID-19 HAS HIGHLIGHTED THE WEAKNESS IN THE HEALTH SYSTEMS WORLDWIDE AND THE LACK OF COORDINATION BETWEEN GOVERNMENTS WHEN FACED WITH A GLOBAL HEALTH CRISIS. MANY SCIENTISTS ARE SUGGESTING WE ARE OBSERVING A NATURAL PROCESS, DESIGNED INTO CREATION, INTENDED TO ASSIST IN RESTORING BALANCE BETWEEN HUMAN POPULATION NUMBERS AND EARTH’S CARRYING-CAPACITY. I BELIEVE, BIOLOGICAL DATA FROM STUDYING NON-HUMAN SPECIES OVERCROWDING, PROVIDES ADEQUATE PROOF THAT COVID 19 IS NATURE’S WAY OF ATTEMPTING TO BALANCE HUMAN POPULATIONS WITH EARTH’S CARRYING-CAPACITY. I ALSO BELIEVE, IT IS LIKELY, THE SEVERITY AND INTENSITY OF EPIDEMICS AND PANDEMICS MAY BECOME A SERIOUS ISSUE FOR HUMANITY’S FUTURE. THIS SCARY PREDICTION SHOULD RAISE EVERYONE’S CONCERNS AND ALERT US TO THE NEED FOR ACTION.
THE WORLDWIDE CASES OF THE COVID VIRUS HAS REACHED ALMOST 375 MILLION, WHICH EXCEEDS THE ENTIRE POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES, AND THE TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATHS IS 5.7 MILLION, THE EQUIVALENT OF THE TOTAL POPULATION IN THE STATE OF MINNESOTA.  
THE UNITED NATIONS RECENTLY ESTABLISHED WHAT THEY CONSIDER THE STABILIZATION FIGURE TO BE, AT 10 BILLION TO BE REACHED IN THE SECOND HALF OF THIS CENTURY. THERE ARE REAL CONCERNS ABOUT HOW WE CAN FEED AN ADDITIONAL 2 BILLION PEOPLE THIS CENTURY. TODAY, BETWEEN 850 AND 925 MILLION PEOPLE ARE EXPERIENCING FOOD INSECURITY AND UNDERNOURISHMENT. PRESSURES ON THE ENVIRONMENT IS INCREASING EXPONENTIALLY, AS LEVELS AND MODES OF CONSUMPTION ACCELERATE. SEVEN PERCENT OF THE WORLD’S POPULATION LACK A SAFE SUPPLY OF DRINKING WATER, AND CLIMATE CHANGE IS ANTICIPATED TO EXACERBATE THE ISSUES. ALTHOUGH, REPRODUCTIVE RATES HAVE DECLINED SLIGHTLY, THE GROWTH OF THE AGED POPULATIONS IS INCREASING WITH THE FASTEST GROWING AGE GROUP BEING THE 90-PLUS.
IN 2010, THE WORLD ACHIEVED A DEMOGRAPHIC MILESTONE WHEN WORLD POPULATIONS SHIFTED FROM RURAL TO URBAN LIVING. TODAY, MORE THAN HALF OF THE WORLD POPULATION LIVE IN URBAN AREAS, CLUSTERED TOGETHER AND PROVIDING FOR A MORE RAPID SPREAD OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. HUMANITY IS FACING THE MOST CRITICAL ISSUE IN OUR HISTORY.
THE CLOCK KEEPS TICKING, AS WE SET BACK AND CONTINUE OUR QUEST FOR MATERIALISM AND WEALTH. WE MEASURE SUCCESS BASED UPON THE U.S. GDP, RATHER THAN THE WELLNESS OF THE PEOPLE. WE FIGHT OVER POWER AND CONTROL, AND IGNORE WHAT LIES AHEAD. WE STRIVE FOR INDIVIDUALISM, INSTEAD OF JOINING HANDS AND WORKING TOGETHER TO RESOLVE LIFE’S COMPLICATED ISSUES. WE MUST MOVE QUICKLY TOWARD STABILIZATION OF THE GLOBAL POPULATION, WHICH CAN BEST BE ACHIEVED BY IMPROVING THE LIVES OF PEOPLE IN LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES AND CREATING A MORE SUSTAINABLE PATTERN OF RESOURCE CONSUMPTION, ESPECIALLY IN THE HIGH-INCOME COUNTRIES. AMERICA, IN THE PAST, HAS DEMONSTRATED HER ABILITY TO WORK TOGETHER TO MEET THE NEEDS OF HER CITIZENS. DO WE HAVE WHAT IT TAKES TO RESTORE THE BALANCE AND PROLONG HUMANITY’S FUTURE? IT WILL HAPPEN WHEN THE PEOPLE DEMAND CHANGE!       
              
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WHY CLIMATE CHANGE IS OCCURRING!

12/12/2023

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                                                     CLIMATE CHANGES! WHY?
 

We have discussed global warming and climate change several times in the past and the two opposing sides of the argument as to its reality. There is no question that these two concerns are the result of many different factors and changes are occurring at a faster pace than in the past. I have been strongly suggesting these concerns are the result of environmental impacts that must be defined if we hope to find reasonable solutions for the future. Developing the most advanced life-style this planet has ever experienced, is an achievement we are proud of and do not want to interrupt. The truth is, those of us living on the North American continent are demanding far more of our fair share of land required to support this life style, than is available to the rest of the world. If you divide the planet’s land base by our current world population, there is four acres available per person, to supply the needed energy and products required to sustain our life systems. A study conducted by the University of British Columbia, found people living in Canada and the U.S. require 20 acres per individual for our current style of life. As more countries develop economically, it is obvious we will experience a significant problem with competition for limited resources and further clearing of forested lands.
One must admit, a portion of the changes that are occurring are the result of natural elements which we have little control over. We are still on the receding side of the last ice age, which means gradual warming temperatures. It is also true that humanity’s demand for resources has accelerated changing climate conditions. Scientific data and history clearly demonstrate, that the rapid rate climate change over the past 200 years is the result of human demands. Studying past cultures and societies that have collapsed and failed, provides insight into the reasons for their demise. The two environmental issues, identified by Dr. Jerrod Diamond, that have had the largest impact on these failures are population expansion and deforestation.
It now seems appropriate to examine these two environmental issues in more detail, to understand why they impact climate change. Population expansion is easily understood, as the more people we have the greater the demands for land and resources. Some of the more developed countries have experienced a reduction in birth rates however, age expectancy has increased significantly, with the fastest growing age group being the 90 plus. Consequently, population growth has not slowed that much. The other major change in population statistics is the movement from rural to urban locations. The United States now classifies 81% of our population as urbanites, which requires more land for homes, businesses, transportation facilities, recreation developments and supporting infrastructure. Probably, the worst result of urbanization is that people have become  alienated from the land and natural world thereby, accelerating the destruction of our vital natural surroundings. In just 30 years our world population will expand to 10 billion people and it is beyond my ability to comprehend what this will mean to Earth’s limitations. History clearly demonstrates that advanced technology will not provide the future solutions required, for the solutions lie in social and environmental adjustments.
Deforestation will obviously accelerate with an expanding population therefore, understanding why forests and trees are so important is critical. I can explain by using an example I have discussed in the past, the story of  Magdalena Valley. A friend, whose ancestors settled this valley in the 1600’s, has collected years of historic information from family records and stories, that demonstrate why forests are so important to climate change. We have been privileged to spend time observing the land his ancestors ranched and observed the documents and heard the stories of the dramatic changes that have occurred over the last 300 years. When his ancestors first arrived from Spain in the 1600’s, the valley had dense ponderosa pine forests covering the hillsides and mountain slopes, and waist high prairie grass covering the valley floor. The shade from the forest cover kept the temperature several degrees cooler and the soils moist. Rainfall and snow averaged a little less than 24 inches a year but was evenly spread throughout the seasons. Forage for sheep and cattle was prevalent and ranching provided a good living. In 1848, this land was ceded from Mexico to the United States. Following the transfer of the land, five large sawmills were set-up and the logging of the pine forests began. By the late 1920’s the forests were gone and the sawmills closed. Significant changes in the weather condition began to appear. Precipitation now averages 8 inches per year and is concentrated during the end of July and first of August. Average temperatures have risen several degrees. Vegetation now consists of juniper trees, willow shrubs and pinion pine trees, where majestic ponderosa pine once stood and, the prairie grass has been replaced with different varieties of bunch grass that grow 6 to 8 inches in height. Ranching now requires 40 acres to graze one cow for a year. The most striking thing you observe are the numerous deep washed-out gullies called arroyos. The top soil is gone and the surface dirt, mostly exposed, is dry and cracked. The wind and concentrated rains have eroded the nutrient rich soils into the surrounding streams and rivers. I know this is a compelling story but also one that has played out on numerous sites throughout the world. Many of our desert lands were once lush forests according to scientists. This one example has left an impression I will never forget and leaves me wondering how we can continue to deny what we are doing to the natural world? I have lived on the planet for 80 years and personally observed adverse changes resulting from human demands on Earth, including major changes in climate conditions. The solutions can only be found when we accept there are limits to what Earth can supply and we cannot live without native trees growing in diverse forest communities! Diversity is the single most important element that supports life systems on Earth! The future depends upon the actions we take today! The do-nothing alternative will result in the collapse and failure of our own species! The principles that guide the science of forestry must be adjusted to assure our forested lands can continue to provide the essential elements required for the substance of life on Earth!

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EDUCATING OUR YOUTH IN ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES!

12/4/2023

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EDUCATING OUR YOUTH
 
MY CONCERN FOR THE NATURAL WORLD AND FUTURE LIFE ON EARTH, SEEMS TO INTENSIFY ALMOST DAILY. RECENTLY, SOME POLITICIANS HAVE DECIDED THEY ARE THE EXPERTS IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AND NEED TO DICTATE AND CONTROL THE TYPE OF MATERIAL THAT CAN BE TAUGHT IN THE PUBLIC CLASSROOMS. PEOPLE LACKING BACKGROUNDS IN EDUCATION AND WITH EXTREME VIEWS, ARE BEING ENCOURAGED TO SEEK POSITIONS ON SCHOOL BOARDS. LIBRARIES ARE BEING FORCED TO REMOVE CERTAIN SUBJECT MATTER BOOKS AND TEACHERS ARE BEING TOLD WHAT THEY CAN AND CANNOT TEACH. IN MANY CASES, MINORITY HISTORY IS BEING SUPPRESSED IN FAVOR OF WHITE DOMINATION. THESE EFFORTS ARE ALSO SUPPRESSING ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES OF OUR VALUABLE NATURAL WORLD. I AM REMINDED OF WHEN I WAS IN HIGH SCHOOL, SEEING MIDDLE EASTERN CLERICS INDOCTRINATING YOUNG BOYS IN THE EVILS OF THE WORLD OUTSIDE. AN EFFORT TO CONTROL THE MINDS of THESE YOUNG MEN AS THEY GROW TO ADULTHOOD. TODAY’S WORLDWIDE TERRORIST ORGANIZATIONS ARE AT LEAST PARTLY THE RESULT OF THESE EDUCATION EFFORTS. WE MUST LEAVE THE EDUCATION OF OUR YOUTH IN TH HANDS OF THE PROFESSIONALS. 
RECENTLY, THE NEWS IS REPORTING THAT FINDING QUALIFIED TEACHES TO FILL VACANCIES HAS BECOME A SERIOUS ISSUE OVER THE PAST TWO YEARS. PROFESSIONALLY TRAINED COLLEGE GRADUATES WITH DEGREES AND ADVANCED DEGREES, ARE CERTAINLY, BEST PREPARED TO KNOW WHAT AND HOW TO EDUCATE OUR YOUTH FOR THEIR FUTURE RESPONSIBILITIES. THE POLITICAL CONSTRAINTS BEING PLACED ON OUR PROFESSIONAL EDUCATORS ARE OBVIOUSLY, DRIVING MANY TO CONSIDER OTHER EMPLOYMENT OPTIONS. DICTATORIAL CONTROL OF THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM DOES NOT PROVIDE PROPER EDUCATION. PARENTS NEED TO BE CONCERNED ABOUT THEIR CHILDS EDUCATION AND IT IS IMPORTANT FOR TEACHERS TO MAINTAIN OPEN COMMUNICATIONS WITH THE PARENTS THROUGHOUT THE SCHOOL YEAR. I HAVE OBSERVED SEVERAL CASES OF HOME SCHOOLING BY WELL MEANING PARENTS. I AM SURE THESE PARENTS MEAN WELL AND SOME ARE WELL PREPARED TO EDUCATE THEIR CHILDREN, BUT THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR A CLASSROOM EXPERIENCE WITH OTHER STUDENTS AND  A PROFESSION TEACHER.
THERE IS A MAJOR ADDITION I BELIEVE MUST BE MADE IN THE EDUCATION OF OUR YOUTH. WE MUST FIND WAYS TO LIVE IN BALANCE WITH NATURE IF WE CARE ABOUT FUTURE GENERATIONS. RELATIONSHIPS ARE AN ESSENTIAL PART OF NATURE AND ALL THINGS ARE CONNECTED. AN EXTREME EXAMPLE OF THESE RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS, IS THE FACT THAT HUMANS CANNOT LIVE WITHOUT THE BACTERIA THAT LIVE WITHIN OUR DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. COMPLEX RELATIONSHIPS LIKE THIS, MUST BE UNDERSTOOD TO PROVIDE A BALANCED EXISTENCE WITH NATURE. UNFORTUNATELY, VERY LITTLE EFFORT IS BEING GIVEN TO TEACHING OUR YOUTH ABOUT RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS. ECOLOGY IS THE STUDY OF RELATIONSHIPS AND IS NOT USUALLY TAUGHT UNTIL IN THE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES. CREATION IS BUILT ON RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS, AND IS A FORBIDDEN WORD IN THE CLASS ROOM. SOMETHING IS WRONG!  
MY LONG CAREER WITH THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE, PROVIDED THE PRIVILEGE OF WORKING WITH NUMEROUS NEW RESOURCE MANAGEMENT EMPLOYEES AS THEY BEGAN THEIR CAREER. DEDICATED PEOPLE WITH NATURAL RESOURCE DEGREES FROM WELL KNOWN COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES, BUT MOST OFTEN, LACKING IN THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE ECOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS WITHIN THE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS. SINCE MY GRADUATION, MOST RESOURCE MANAGEMENT DEGREES NOW REQUIRE ONE OR TWO ECOLOGY COURSES. FAR FROM ADEQUATE! UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEX INTERACTIONS WITHIN INDIVIDUAL ECOSYSTEMS IS NOW VITAL. WITH 97% OF EARTH’S ECOSYSTEMS CONSIDERED TO BE OUT OF BALANCE AND NOT PROPERLY FUNCTIONING, RESTORATION EFFORTS ARE DEMANDED. CURRENT SCIENCE SUGGESTS UNDER IDEAL CONDITIONS WE MIGHT BE ABLE TO RESTORE 20% OF THE DAMAGE HUMANITY HAS INFLICTED ON ECOSYSTEMS WORLDWIDE. THESE EFFORTS WILL REQUIRE A UNITED COMMITMENT AND WILL IMPACT OUR LIFE STYLES. WITHOUT MAJOR CHANGES, IT HAS BEEN ESTIMATED EARTH’S CARRYING-CAPACITY WILL BE SERIOUSLY STRESSED IN JUST 25 TO 30 YEARS.
TO MEET THE CHALLENGE, WE MUST BUILD STRONGER ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS IN OUR SCIENTISTS, EDUCATORS, CORPORATE MANAGERS AND RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. I KNOW THERE ARE STUDENTS THAT MAJOR IN ECOLOGY, BUT THE FEW CONTACTS I HAVE HAD, LEAVE ME QUESTING THE DEPTH OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE COMPLEXITY OF THE NATURAL WORLD. I HOPE I AM WRONG, FOR WE CERTAINLY NEED THEIR HELP IN SUPPORTING THE NEED FOR STRONGER ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR OUR CITIZENS. 
LENGTHY EXPERIENCE AND STUDY OF THE NATURAL WORLD HAS LED ME TO CONCLUDE, THAT STUDENTS MAJORING IN THE SCIENCES AND EDUCATION CURRICULUM'S NEED TO SPENT THE FIRST COUPLE OF YEARS BUILDING A STRONG ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION, BEFORE SPECIALIZING. UNDERSTANDING HOW GEOLOGY, METEOROLOGY, HYDROLOGY, SOILS SCIENCE AND ASTRONOMY, DETERMINE ECOSYSTEMS IS VITAL. HOW HUMAN’S RELATE TO LIFE SYSTEMS AND THE NATURAL WORLD, MOST CERTAINLY IS REQUIRED. THIS IS THE INFORMATION REQUIRED TO BEGIN TO APPRECIATE HOW LIFE SYSTEMS FUNCTION AND SURVIVE, AND IS THE KEY TO OUR DESIRED FUTURE.
THE SCIENCE OF FOREST LAND MANAGEMENT MUST ADVANCE TO RECOGNIZE WE ARE MANAGING MUCH OF THE REMAINING NATURAL WORLD REQUIRED FOR SURVIVAL OF FUTURE GENERATIONS. OUR RESPONSIBILITY IS NOT TO MAXIMIZE PROFITS FROM FOREST RESOURCES, BUT TO MANAGE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS HEALTH AND DIVERSITY TO ASSURE A SUSTAINABLE FLOW OF LIFE SUPPORTING ELEMENTS PROVIDED ONLY BY NATURE’S REMAINING FORESTED ACREAGE. YES, MANAGEMENT IS ESSENTIAL, BUT THE GOAL OF OUR MANAGEMENT EFFORTS MUST CHANGE! WE MUST START BY INTRODUCING OUR YOUTH TO THE ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES FUNCTIONING WITHIN NATURE! TO DO LESS, WILL RESULT IN THE DESTRUCTION OF LIFE SYSTEMS ON EARTH!                    
 
 

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CLIMATE CHANGE!

11/24/2023

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THE EFFECT FORESTS HAVE ON CLIMATE
 

FORESTS HAVE A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON CLIMATE CHANGE BY STORING LARGE VOLUMES OF CARBON DIOXIDE. THEY ARE SECOND ONLY TO THE OCEANS IN SERVING AS GLOBAL STOREHOUSES OF CARBON, BUT IN CERTAIN SITUATIONS ADD CARBON BACK INTO THE ATMOSPHERE. LARGE WILDFIRES PRODUCE A RAPID RELEASE OF CARBON, AND THE DECAY OF DEAD WOOD FIBER RELEASES CARBON AT A SLOW RATE. WE ARE ALL SOMEWHAT FAMILIAR WITH THE PHOTOSYNTHESIS PROCESS, WHERE THE PLANT ABSORBS CARBON DIOXIDE AND THEN MIXES IT WITH WATER AND MINERALS TO FORM A SUGAR SOLUTION NEEDED TO FEED THE PLANT. THE PROCESS TAKES IN A LITTLE OVER ONE POUND OF CARBON TO PRODUCE A POUND OF WOOD FIBER AND THEN RELEASES 1.47 POUNDS OF OXYGEN BACK INTO THE ATMOSPHERE, ALONG WITH MINOR AMOUNTS OF OTHER GREENHOUSE GASES. IN REALITY, ONE TREE PRODUCES ENOUGH OXYGEN IN TWELVE MONTHS TO KEEP TWO HUMANS ALIVE FOR A FULL YEAR. WITH CARBON DIOXIDE BEING A POISONOUS GAS, THE MAIN CONTRIBUTION TREES MAKE IS THE GLOBAL STORAGE OF THIS GAS. THE TROPICAL FORESTS ABSORB ALMOST 2 GIGATONS OF CARBON EVERY YEAR. SCIENCE ESTIMATES THAT IF WE COULD RESTORE A SIGNIFICANT PORTIONS OF THE FORESTS THAT HAVE BEEN DESTROYED, IT WOULD HAVE THE POTENTIAL OF ABSORBING UP TO A THIRD OF THE GREENHOUSE GASES CURRENTLY BEING EMITTED WORLDWIDE.
THE PROBLEM WITH FOREST RESTORATION IS THE USE OF OUTDATED MANAGEMENT METHODS. OUR FIRST GOAL HAS TO BE REDUCING THE RATE OF DEFORESTATION THAT IS CURRENTLY HAPPENING. TODAY, WE ARE DEFORESTING THE EQUIVALENT OF 20 FOOTBALL FIELDS EVERY MINUTE WORLDWIDE, WHICH IS AN AREA THE SIZE OF PORTUGAL EVERY YEAR. THE REASONS FOR THE LOSS OF FOREST COVER IS THE NEED FOR CLEARED LAND FOR OTHER USES SUCH AS URBANIZATION, SHIFTING AGRICULTURAL NEEDS AND WOOD PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS. THE CLEARING OF 14,500 SQUARE MILES OF FORESTED LANDS EVERY YEAR WILL BE DIFFICULT TO SLOW, BUT SLOW WE MUST! OUR RAPIDLY EXPANDING WORLD POPULATION WILL REQUIRE MORE CLEARED LAND SPACE FOR FOOD, SHELTER AND SERVICES IN THE FUTURE.
THERE IS ONLY ONE SOLUTION, WHICH IS TO INCREASE THE EFFICIENT FUNCTIONING OF OUR REMAINING FORESTS. WITH THE MAJORITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS DEPENDING ON THE ELEMENTS PROVIDED BY FORESTS AND TREES, WE MUST INTENSIFY THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTS WITH NEW MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES THAT FOCUS ON THE HEALTH, VIGOR AND DIVERSITY; NOT WHAT WE CAN TAKE FROM FORESTS.
THE QUESTION REMAINS AS TO WHAT MUST WE DO TO HELP SLOW THE CHANGING CLIMATIC CONDITIONS ADVERSELY EFFECTING LIVE ON EARTH? BY KEEPING OUR FOREST HEALTHY AND VIGOROUS WE INCREASE THEIR STORAGE CAPACITY OF CARBON. REDUCING THE FUEL BUILDUP OF DEAD AND DYING VEGETATION AND TREATING INDIVIDUAL FOREST COMMUNITIES OR ECOSYSTEMS WILL REDUCE THE POTENTIAL FOR LARGE CATASTROPHIC WILDFIRES, DISEASE AND INSECT INFESTATIONS.
MANAGEMENT ACTIONS MUST SUPPORT THE TRANSPIRATION PROCESS BY MAINTAINING TREE COVER SHADE AND KEEPING THE TREES HEALTHY. THE TREES DURING LEAF-ON PERIODS PROVIDE COOLING SHADE, BUT ALSO RETURN VAST QUANTITIES OF WATER BACK TO THE ATMOSPHERE WHERE IT FORMS CLOUDS THAT PREVENT HEAT FROM REACHING EARTH’S SURFACE. TREES ABSORB LARGE QUANTITIES OF WATER USE 3% OF IT, AND EVAPORATING THE REMAINING 97% INTO THE ATMOSPHERE TO FORMING CLOUDS AND MUCH NEEDED RAIN. TREE COVER IS INSTRUMENTAL IN THE PERIODIC RAINS ON EARTH AND THE PREVENTION OR REDUCTION OF DROUTH CONDITIONS. CLEAR-CUTTING LARGE AREAS OF TREES EXPOSES THE SURFACE TO SIGNIFICANT INCREASES IN HEAT AS WELL AS RELEASING LARGE VOLUMES OF GREENHOUSE GASES BACK INTO TO ATMOSPHERE. CLEAR-CUTTING MUST BE PUT BACK IN THE TOOL BOX AND SELDOM USED!  
FOREST COVER PRESENTS A ROUGH SURFACE WHICH SUBSTANTIALLY REDUCES WIND VELOCITY AND CAN EVEN EFFECT WIND DIRECTION. THIS HELPS REDUCE THE SEVERE HIGH WIND STORM DAMAGE, SOIL EROSION AND EVAPORATION OF SURFACE WATER SOURCES. WE MUST ALSO BE AWARE THAT FOREST COVERED LANDS HAVE A DARK SURFACE WHICH TENDS TO ABSORB MORE HEAT AND ENERGY THEN LIGHT-COLORED SURFACES. THIS IS CALLED THE ALBETO PROCESS AND CAUSES SOME INCREASE IN SURFACE TEMPERATURES. THIS PROCESS AMPLIFIES THE IMPORTANCE OF UNDERSTANDING THE COMPLEX FUNCTIONING OF NATURES’ WAY.
THERE IS NO QUESTION THAT FORESTS HAVE A STRONG INFLUENCE ON CLIMATE. THEY SERVE AS STORE HOUSES FOR MASSIVE AMOUNTS OF CARBON, PROVIDE AIR-CONDITIONING FOR EARTH, ARE BARRIERS AGAINST WIND VELOCITIES AND ARE THE WORLD MAJOR WATER PUMP. THE BENEFICIAL CONTRIBUTIONS FORESTS MAKE FAR OUT WEIGHT THE LIMITED AMOUNTS OF GREEN HOUSE GASES THAT ENTER THE ATMOSPHERE THOUGH THE TRANSPIRATION PROCESS. OUR FUTURE DEPENDS UPON LIMITING DEFORESTATION AND DEGRADATION OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED LANDS!
WHAT TYPE OF MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES WE APPLY TO OUR REMAINING VALUABLE FORESTS IS CRUCIAL. ONCE WE ACCEPT THAT WE HAVE A SERIOUS PROBLEM AND UNDERSTAND THE COMPLEXITY OF NATURE’S WAY, WHAT ARE SOME OF THE MANAGEMENT ACTIONS WE CAN INITIATE? WITH OVER 70% OF OUR ORIGINAL FORESTED LANDS GONE, WE MUST LIMIT FURTHER CLEARING OF FOREST COVERED LANDS. THE DESTRUCTION CAUSED BY MASSIVE WILDFIRES MUST BE REDUCED. WE CANNOT ELIMINATE WILDFIRES, BUT A MAJOR FOCUS ON TREATING FOREST COMMUNITIES OR ECOSYSTEMS, WILL IMPROVE AND MAINTAIN FOREST BIO-DIVERSITY WHILE REDUCING THE MAGNITUDE AND INTENSITY OF FUTURE WILDFIRES. DIVERSITY IS IMPROVED BY TREATING INDIVIDUAL FOREST COMMUNITIES OR ECOSYSTEMS, RATHER THAN LARGE TIMBER HARVESTING PROJECTS THAT IGNORE THE UNIQUE NATURALLY OCCURRING COMMUNITIES. THE EXPANDING WORLD POPULATION WILL ALSO REQUIRE FURTHER CLEARING OF FORESTED AREAS TO PROVIDE THE REQUIRED DEVELOPMENTS FOR HOUSING. IT WILL NOT BR EASY, BUT MUST BE DONE!
EVEN-AGED MANAGEMENT, USING CLEAR-CUTTING TECHNIQUES, IS DESIGNED TO MAXIMIZE WOOD FIBER PRODUCTION. REMOVING ALL TREES DOES REFLECT MORE HEAT, BUT THE REMAINING VOLUME OF FOREST DEBRIS MUST BE BURNED OR ALLOWED TO DECAY, CAUSING THE RELEASE OF LARGE AMOUNTS OF CARBON. USING FIRE AS A MANAGEMENT TOOL RELEASES LARGE QUANTITIES OF CARBON, AND ALL TO FREQUENTLY ESCAPES CONTROL CAUSING PROPERTY DESTRUCTION AND EVEN OCCASIONAL LOSS OF LIFE. RESTORING CLEARED ACREAGE WITH NURSERY GROWN STOCK IS BETTER THAN NO TREES, BUT FOLLOWS AN AGRICULTURAL CONCEPT OF GROWING FOOD CROPS. THE SINGLE AGE SINGLE SPECIES PLANTATIONS TOTALLY DESTROY BIO-DIVERSITY AND SET THE STAGE FOR FUTURE CYCLIC CATASTROPHIC EVENTS, SUCH AS WILDFIRES.
WE MUST INVEST IN OUR REMAINING FORESTS AND NOT RELY ON COMMERCIAL TIMBER HARVESTING FOR THE JUSTIFICATION FOR MANAGEMENT TREATMENTS. THE PROCESS STARTS WITH ASSURING FOREST SCIENTISTS CAN “READ THE LAND” BY ON-SIGHT VISITATION TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES, PLACING MAJOR LIMITATIONS ON THE USE OF CLEAR-CUTTING TECHNIQUES AND A RETURN TO ALL-AGE MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES. IT WILL CREATE MANY JOBS BY HIRING LOCAL CONTRACTORS TO COMPLETE THE ON-THE -GROUND WORKLOAD. PROJECTS WOULD INCLUDE TREE THINNING, DEAD AND DYING TREE REMOVAL, FIREWOOD PRODUCTION AND TREATMENTS FOR INSECT AND DISEASE INFESTATIONS. IT WOULD MEAN RELYING ON THE MOTHER TREES FOR NATURAL REGENERATION, THEREBY IMPROVING THE DIVERSITY OF VEGETATION AGES AND TYPES. CERTAINLY, WE MUST AVOID THE INTRODUCTION OF NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIES AND THEIR ADVERSE IMPACTS ON NATIVE SPECIES.
OUR GOAL MUST BE TO AID IN THE RECOVERY OF THE NATURAL WORLD AND ITS INDIVIDUAL ECOSYSTEMS, BY COPYING NATURE’S WAY. WE HAVE TAKEN FAR TO LONG, AND EVEN WASTED, THE VALUABLE RESOURCES OF MOTHER EARTH. IT IS TIME TO ASSIST NATURE IN RESTORING ITS ABILITY TO PROVIDE THE ELEMENTS HUMANS REQUIRE FOR THE SUSTENANCE OF LIFE! THE OPPORTUNITIES ARE BEFORE US! ARE WE WILLING TO MAKE THE REQUIRED ADJUSTMENTS FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS?          

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NATURE'S WAY!

11/4/2023

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CHANGING OUR PERCEPTION OF FORESTS 
 

SINCE THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY ARRIVED IN THE UNITED STATES, IT HAS BEEN SEEN AS AN AGRICULTURAL PROCESS. IN FACT, THE U.S. FOREST SERVICE WAS PLACED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BECAUSE THE FIRST CHIEF OF THE AGENCY, GIFFORD PINCHOT, DEFINED THE SCIENCE AS “GROWING TREES AS CROPS”. AFTER A 34 YEAR CAREER WITH THE FOREST SERVICE, I NOW SEE THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY AS FAR MORE COMPLEX THEN SIMPLY FOLLOWING AGRICULTURAL PRINCIPLES.
FIELDS OF AGRICULTURAL CROPS ARE MAN CREATED FOR THE PURPOSE OF GROWING A VARIETY OF FOODS FOR MANKIND AND LIVESTOCK. ALTHOUGH, THERE ARE SOME PLANTS THAT ARE PERENNIALS, MOST ARE ANNUALS REQUIRING REPLANTING AND CULTIVATING EVERY YEAR. THE FOOD SUPPLY IS OBVIOUSLY CRITICAL FOR HUMANITY’S SURVIVAL, BUT ARTIFICIAL COMMUNITIES ARE UNABLE TO PROVIDE THE ELEMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE SUSTENANCE OF LIFE ON EARTH. THEY ARE NOT PART OF THE NATURAL WORLD.
FORESTS, HOWEVER, ARE ESSENTIAL TO THE SURVIVAL OF EIGHTY PERCENT OF ALL LIVING ORGANISMS ON OUR PLANET. IN 2007, THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, SPONSORED A REPORT ON ABUSE; IN WHICH SCIENTIST SUGGESTED THAT ONE SINGLE TREE OVER A 50 YEAR LIFE CYCLE, CONTRIBUTES $162,000.00 WORTH OF REQUIRED ELEMENTS THAT SUSTAIN LIFE ON EARTH. MANAGING FORESTS IS FAR MORE COMPLEX THAN GROWING TREES AS CROPS!
WE NEED TO SEE FORESTS IN A MUCH DIFFERENT AND MORE DETAILED WAY. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT WE RECOGNIZE FORESTS ARE A MOSAIC OF COMMUNITIES OR ECOSYSTEMS, AND NOT VAST AREAS COVERED WITH TREES. FOREST SCIENTISTS MUST LEARN TO “READ THE LAND”. WE ARE ALL AWARE THAT VEGETATIVE TYPES AND CONDITIONS ARE A PRODUCT OF THE SIGHT THE VEGETATION IS GROWING ON. SLOPE, ELEVATION, SOIL TYPE, SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, ASPECT, AND AVAILABLE MOISTURE; ALL EFFECT THE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND GROWTH CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VEGETATION ON EACH ECOSYSTEM. UNTIL WE MANAGE EACH ECOSYSTEM OR COMMUNITY FOR IT’S INDIVIDUAL NEEDS, WE WILL CONTINUE TO DESTROY DIVERSITY. THERE IS NO SUBSTITUTE FOR NATURAL REGENERATION BY THE MOTHER TREES.
ESTABLISHING PLANTATIONS OF SINGLE SPECIES AND SINGLE AGE CLASSES DESTROY THE ABILITY OF THE TREES TO COMMUNICATE AND CARE FOR EACH OTHER. YES, MOTHER TREES NOT ONLY CAN IDENTIFY THEIR OFFSPRING, BUT FEED THEM DURING STRESSFUL TIMES. READ FOREST ECOLOGIST SUZANNE SIMARD’S BOOK, “FINDING THE MOTHER TREE”. NATURAL REGENERATION FROM NATIVE SEED SOURCES IS A MUST IN ESTABLISHING THE DIVERSITY OF THE ORIGINAL FOREST ECOSYSTEM. REGARDLESS OF YOUR ATTEMPTS TO CREATE ARTIFICIAL PLANTATIONS, NATURES SITE CONDITIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS WILL OVER-WHELM YOUR EFFORTS. THE INTRODUCTION OF NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIES WILL FURTHER ACERBATE THE SITUATION, DESTROY DIVERSITY AND SET THE STAGE FOR FUTURE CATASTROPHIC WILDFIRES AND INSECT AND DISEASE OUTBREAKS.
MOST TREES OUT LIVE HUMANS, SOME BY THOUSANDS OF YEARS. WE HAVE BRISTLECONE PINE TREES ON THE WEST COAST THAT ARE OVER 3000 YEARS OLD. THE GIANT SEQUOIA TREES IN CALIFORNIA LIVE TO BE OVER 2000 YEARS OF AGE. I RECENTLY VISITED A COMMUNITY IN SOUTHERN VIRGINIA, AND TOOK AN HISTORIC TOUR THROUGH THE OLD PART OF TOWN WHERE SOME BUILDINGS WERE CONSTRUCTED OVER 250 YEARS AGO. SOME OF THE OAK AND MAPLE TREES ON THE GROUNDS WERE OBVIOUSLY PRESENT WHEN THE BUILDINGS WERE CONSTRUCTED, AND PROBABLY OVER 300 YEARS OLD NOW.
THE LIFE SPAN, COMPLEX CONTRIBUTIONS TREES PROVIDE TO SUSTAIN LIFE, THE IMPORTANCE OF DIVERSITY IN OUR NATURAL WORLD AND THE POSITIVE EFFECTS FORESTS HAVE ON CLIMATIC CONDITIONS; SUPPORTS THE FACT THAT FOREST SCIENCE IS FAR MORE COMPLEX THAN “GROWING TREES AS CROPS”. THE FUTURE DEMANDS A STRONG FOUNDATION IN ECOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES AND THE ABILITY TO “READ THE LAND”. IN OTHER WORDS, OUR PERCEPTION OF FORESTS IS INADEQUATE, AND WITHOUT CHANGE HUMANITY’S FUTURE REMAINS QUESTIONABLE. I AM NOT SUGGESTING CHANGING CURRENT ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF TODAY’S FOREST LAND MANAGING AGENCIES, BUT I AM STRONGLY SUGGESTING MAJOR CHANGES IN MANAGEMENT GOALS AND OBJECTIVES FOR OUR REMAINING PUBLIC FOREST COVERED LANDS. THESE LANDS ARE A LARGE PART OF OUR REMAINING NATURAL WORLD, AND REQUIRE SCIENTIFIC HELP TO PROVIDE FOR THE SUSTENANCE OF LIFE, INCLUDING HUMANS.        

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October 23rd, 2023

10/23/2023

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                          OUR VALUABLE PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS!
 

PUBLIC LANDS, MANAGED BY AGENCIES WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF INTERIOR AND THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, BELONG TO THE CITIZENS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. THESE AGENCIES MANAGE OVER 600 MILLION ACRES, ALMOST 25 PERCENT OF THE TOTAL U.S. LAND BASE. POLITICIANS FREQUENTLY SEE THESE VALUABLE LANDS AS ASSETS THAT HAVE MONETARY VALUE IF SOLD. THESE LANDS MAKE UP A LARGE PART OF THE REMAINING NATURAL WORLD ON THE NORTH AMERICAN CONTINENT. CURRENT FEDERAL LAWS PROVIDE REASONABLE PROTECTION FOR THE SALE OF THESE LANDS.
THE LAST REPUBLICAN ADMINISTRATION, HAD A PROPOSAL WITHIN THEIR PLATFORM, TO SELL THESE LANDS TO THE STATES. UNDER STATE OWNERSHIP, ALL LEGAL PROTECTION DISAPPEARS, AND THE STATES CAN SELL TO PRIVATE DEVELOPERS WITHOUT THE KNOWLEDGE OR APPROVAL OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE. THIS WOULD BE A MAJOR DISASTER FOR THE NATURAL WORLD AND THE PEOPLE OF THE WORLD. OUR HISTORY IS FULL OF NUMEROUS EXAMPLES OF          OVER-HARVESTING, MINING, OVER GRAZING AND LAND CLEARING, FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS, AND THE NEGATIVE IMPACT IT HAS HAD ON NATURE. REMEMBER, ONLY 26% OF THE ORIGINAL FORESTED ACREAGE REMAINS ON OUR PLANET!
WHY IS GIVING THESE PUBLIC FOREST LANDS TO THE STATES SUCH A PROBLEM? EARLY IN OUR HISTORY, WHEN THE LAND SURVEYORS WERE SUB-DIVIDING THE LAND INTO TOWNSHIPS AND SECTIONS, TWO SECTIONS IN EACH TOWNSHIP WERE GIVEN TO THE STATES TO HELP FINANCE PUBLIC EDUCATION. MANY OF THESE TRACTS HAVE SINCE BEEN SOLD TO HELP COVER THE COST OF STATE GOVERNMENT. IN FACT, DURING THE PAST 20 YEARS, STATES HAVE EXPERIENCED MAJOR PROBLEMS STAYING WITHIN THEIR BUDGETS, AND HAVE SOLD INFRASTRUCTURE TO OFF SET REVENUE SHORTFALLS. LAND AND TOLL ROAD SYSTEMS ARE EXAMPLES OF INFRASTRUCTURES THAT HAVE BEEN SOLD, SOME TIMES TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES. IN THE STATE OF MICHIGAN, THE FORMER GOVERNOR GOT A LAW ENACTED WHICH GAVE HIM THE AUTHORITY TO REPLACE THE EXISTING LEADERSHIP OF SELECTED COMMUNITIES WITH A MANAGER OF HIS CHOICE. IN FLINT, MICHIGAN HE CHOSE TO REPLACE THE MAYOR AND THEN SELL THE PIPELINE THAT SUPPLIED THE CITY WATER, FORCING THE CITY TO TAKE WATER FROM THE RIVER WHICH RESULTED IN LEAD CONTAMINATED DRINKING WATER. SAVING OUR PUBLIC FOREST COVERED LANDS IS ESSENTIAL FOR OUR FUTURE!     
POLITICIANS LIKE TO USE TAX CUTS AS A WAY TO ENCOURAGE VOTERS TO ELECT THEM. THESE CUTS PRODUCE MAJOR REDUCTIONS IN REVENUES REQUIRING REDUCTION IN SERVICES. THE POLITICIANS THEN MUST CUT SPENDING WHERE IT IS THE LEAST VISIBLE TO THE VOTERS. OVER THE YEARS THEY HAVE CHOSEN TO CUT OR ELIMINATE GRANT MONEYS TO THE STATES. THIS HAS CREATED MAJOR PROBLEMS FOR STATES BEING ABLE TO SUPPORT PUBLIC EDUCATION, HIGHWAY MAINTENANCE AND NEW CONSTRUCTION ALONG WITH OTHER PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE NEEDS. TAX REDUCTIONS ARE ALSO THE MAIN CAUSE OF SERIOUS INCREASES IN OUR NATIONAL DEPT. 
EXPERIENCE DEFINITELY DEMONSTRATES THE PROBLEM OF TRANSFERRING FEDERAL PUBLIC LANDS TO THE STATES. INSTEAD OF TAKING ON INCREASED COST OF MANAGING THESE LANDS, STATES WOULD FIND IT ADVANTAGEOUS TO SELL TO PRIVATE INDIVIDUALS AND COMPANIES, THUS LOOSING MUCH OF THE VITAL NATURAL WORLD THAT SUSTAINS LIFE ON EARTH. THE THOUGHT OF ALLOWING THESE LANDS TO BE LOST IS SCARY, AND WILL ACCELERATE THE DEMISE OF THE HUMAN SPECIES. WHAT STANDS OUT, AGAIN, IS HOW GREED AND INDIVIDUALISM HAS OVER-TAKEN OUR SOCIAL VALUES.
I JUST READ AN ARTICLE IN THE NEW YORK TIMES, SATURDAY APRIL 22, 2023, WHERE THE MENOMINEE TRIBAL ENTERPRISES DISCUSS HOW THEY HAVE MANAGED THEIR FORESTED LANDS FOR CENTURIES. THEY CLEARLY DEFINE THEIR GOAL IS TO MAINTAIN THE HEALTH OF THE FOREST COMMUNITIES AND THE BENEFIT IS THE FINANCIAL STABILITY IT HAS PROVIDED THEIR PEOPLE. DOCTOR MICHAEL DOCKRY, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT TH UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA’S FOREST RESOURCES DEPARTMENT STATES, “IN MANY WAYS THEY ARE LEADING THE FEDS IN HOW TO MANAGE FORESTS”.
SAVING OUR PUBLIC LANDS IS ESSENTIAL! CHANGING OUR MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES FOR THOSE PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS IS VITAL!             
 
 

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NATURE'S WAY TO MANAGE FORESTED LANDS!

10/9/2023

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                                              HOPE FOR TOMORROW, THE WAY OF OUR  
                                               INDIGENOUS PEOPLE                                                                                        
 
IF YOU HAVE READ ANY OF MY PAST ARTICLES, YOU WILL UNDERSTAND THE INFLUENCE OUR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S VALUES, BELIEFS AND RELATIONSHIPS HAVE HAD ON MY CONCEPTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT. LIVING IN BALANCE WITH NATURE IS REQUIRED FOR FUTURE LIFE. THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY, AFTER MORE THAN 100 YEARS OF MANAGEMENT, STILL FOCUSES ON MANAGING THE RESOURCES FROM THE FOREST. WHAT WE CAN TAKE, RATHER THAN WHAT THE INDIVIDUAL FOREST ECOSYSTEMS NEED TO CONTINUE TO PROVIDE THE VITAL ELEMENTS REQUIRED FOR LIFE ON OUR PLANET.
APRIL 22, 2023, THE NEW YORK TIMES, PUBLISHED AN ARTICLE ENTITLED, “THE GIVING FOREST”. IT IS ABOUT THE TRADITIONAL WAY THE MENOMINEE TRIBE MANAGE SOME 600,000 ACRES OF FOREST COVERED LANDS IN NORTHEAST WISCONSIN. ALTHOUGH, NOT EXACTLY THE SAME, THEIR MANAGEMENT PHILOSOPHY CLOSELY FOLLOWS AND SUPPORTS MY MANAGEMENT CONCEPTS CALLED, “NATURE’S WAY”.  THE ARTICLE POINTS OUT THE MOST IMPORTANT MANAGEMENT GOAL IS TO FOCUS ON THE NEEDS OF THE FORESTS THEMSELVES, WITH THE RESOURCE’S SALVAGED FROM HAND TREATMENTS PROVIDING REVENUES THAT SUPPORT TRIBAL LIVING. DR. MICHAEL DOCKRY, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA’S FOREST RESOURCES DEPARTMENT, SUGGESTS, “IN MANY WAYS, THEY ARE LEADING THE FEDS IN HOW TO MANAGE FORESTS”. FORESTERS ROUTINELY COME FROM AROUND THE WORLD TO STUDY THE MENOMINEE ACCOMPLISHMENTS, WHICH HAVE BEEN RECOGNIZED BY THE UNITED NATIONS AND CERTIFIED BY THE FOREST STEWARD COUNCIL, WHICH IS THE GOLD STANDARD FOR RESPONSIBLE FORESTRY.
TRIBAL FORESTS ARE GENERALLY HEALTHIER, BETTER MANAGED AND MORE DIVERSE, MAKING THEM MORE RESILIENT TO CLIMATE CHANGE ACCORDING TO DR. DOCKRY. SHE GOES ON TO SUGGEST THAT MANY CONSIDER THE ACREAGE UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE MENOMINEE, TO BE THE HEALTHIEST MANAGED FORESTS IN THE UNITED STATES.
MICHAEL SKENADORE, PRESIDENT OF THE MENOMINEE TRIBAL ENTERPRISES INFORMED US THAT THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT IN THE EARLY YEARS, TRIED TO ENCOURAGE THE TRIBE TO CLEAR THE FORESTS AND FARM THE LAND. THE MENOMINEE PEOPLE HAD NO INTENSION OF DESTROYING THEIR FORESTS.
THE TRIBE HAS HELD ON TO THE PRINCIPLES OF UNEVEN-AGE MANAGEMENT, WHICH MAXIMIZES DIVERSITY OF AGE CLASSES AND SPECIES. THEY DO NOT CLEAR CUT AND RELY ON NATURAL REGENERATION FROM THE MOTHER TREES. NON-INDIGENOUS SPECIES ARE NOT INTRODUCED AND INDIVIDUAL TREES ARE REMOVED USING HAND TREATMENTS AND MINIMIZED USE OF LARGE EQUIPMENT. TREES TO BE REMOVED ARE SELECTED FROM DAMAGED, DISEASED, FALLEN AND MATURE TREES.  THEY ALSO CAREFULLY SELECT TREES TO REDUCE DENSITY OF REMAINING TREES.  MAINTAINING PROPER DENSITY ENCOURAGES NEW SEEDLINGS GROWTH AND PROVIDES OPTIMAL GROWTH ON THE DOMINATE TREES THAT REMAIN. THERE WAS NO DISCUSSION OF RECOGNIZING AND MANAGING INDIVIDUAL FOREST COMMUNITIES (ECOSYSTEMS) TO IMPROVE DIVERSITY, BUT THE INDIVIDUAL TREE SELECTION PROCESS HELPS MAINTAIN BIODIVERSITY. THEIR SELECTION PROCESS TENDS TO ENCOURAGE THE MAINTENANCE OF THE INDIVIDUAL COMMUNITIES. THESE COMMUNITIES ARE THE RESULT OF THE SITE CHARACTERISTICS THE VEGETATION IS GROWING ON. THESE CHARACTERISTICS INCLUDE THINGS LIKE SOIL TYPE, SOIL CHARACTERISTICS, ASPECT, SLOPE, ELEVATION AND AVAILABLE MOISTURE.  
THE MENOMINEE PEOPLE HAD NO INTENTION OF DESTROYING THEIR FORESTS, INSTEAD, THEY SAW THE FORESTS AS A COLLECTIVE RESOURCE THAT, IF CAREFULLY HARVESTED, COULD ALLOW THEM TO MAINTAIN THEIR CONNECTION TO THE LAND. THEY SAW AN OPPORTUNITY TO PROVIDE FOR PLANTS, ANIMALS AND THE TRIBE FOR GENERATIONS TO COME. LEGENDARY CHIEF OSHKOSH STATED, “IF THE MENOMINEE TOOK ONLY THE VERY OLD, SICK AND FALLEN TREES; THE TREES WILL LAST FOREVER”.    
THIS EXAMPLE OF HOW TO MANAGE OUR REMAINING FOREST COMMUNITIES, PROVIDES PROOF THAT WE CAN IMPROVE OUR FOREST LANDS AND PROLONG LIFE ON EARTH! HUMANITY DOES HAVE THE ABILITY, COMMON SENSE AND KNOWLEDGE TO MAKE THE NECESSARY ADJUSTMENTS REQUIRED TO HELP RECOVER THE NATURAL WORLD. I CALL IT “NATURE’S WAY” AS IT INVOLVES FOLLOWING NATURE’S METHODS AND NATURAL PRINCIPLES. THE NEW YORK TIMES ARTICLE, STRONGLY DEMONSTRATES THE NECESSITY OF REACHING OUT TO OUR NATIVE BROTHERS AND SISTERS, IN OUR QUEST FOR PRESERVING OUR NATURAL WORLD. TOGETHER WE CAN ACCOMPLISH GREAT THINGS! WE CAN PROVIDE FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS!  WE MUST REDEEM OUR COMMANDMENT TO “NURTURE AND CARE FOR THE LAND”. THE DAMAGE WE HAVE DONE REQUIRES OUR HELP TO RECOVER! WITH ONLY ONE QUARTER OF OUR ORIGINAL FORESTED ACREAGE REMAINING, AND CONTINUING TO SHRINK, IMMEDIATE ACTION IS NECESSARY! ARE WE UP TO THE CHALLENGE?                

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