ECOLOGY, RELIGION AND THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY
I HAVE BEEN EXPRESSING MY THOUGHTS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF RELIGIOUS INVOLVEMENT IN INFLUENCING THE CHANGES WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TO MAKE TO BEGIN THE PROCESS OF RENOVATING THE NATURAL WORLD. I AM SURE THERE ARE SOME SCIENTISTS AND CONCERNED INDIVIDUALS THAT QUESTION MY RATIONALE OF INVOLVING RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP IN WHAT MOST PEOPLE CONSIDER A SECULAR ISSUE. I MUST ADMIT, DURING MY 30 PLUS YEARS AS A FOREST LAND MANAGER, I DEVELOPED SOME SERIOUS CONCERNS ABOUT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS I OBSERVED, BUT LACKED THE INSIGHT TO APPRECIATE THE VITAL RELATIONSHIPS FOREST COVERED LANDS CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUSTENANCE OF HUMAN LIFE.
RETIREMENT PROVIDED THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY AND ANALYZE CONCERNS I WITNESSED DURING MY CAREER AND BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE CONCERNS RELATED TO LIFE SYSTEMS ON EARTH. I BEGAN TO APPRECIATE HOW THE FOREST PLANNING PROCESS, REQUIRED BY THE FOREST MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1976, WAS PROBABLY THE PROGRAM THAT ELEVATED MY INTEREST AND CAUSED ME TO BECOME AN ACTIVIST FOR RE-ORIENTING OUR MANAGEMENT GOALS FOR PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS. I BEGAN SEARCHING AND READING AS MUCH INFORMATION AS I COULD FIND ON THE STORY OF CREATION AND THE NATURAL WORLD. I HAD ALREADY RECOGNIZED THAT THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN HOW OUR WESTERN SOCIETY VIEWS NATURE AND HOW OUR NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLE SEE NATURE. MY WIFE, BEING A MEMBER OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND I HAVE HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF DISCUSSING AND LEARNING MUCH ABOUT THE NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND THEIR BELIEFS, FROM NATIVE FRIENDS WE HAVE MET. THE MORE WE LEARNED, THE MORE INTENSE MY INTEREST IN THE STORY OF CREATION AND THE NATURAL WORLD BECAME.
I EXPANDED MY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE STORY OF CREATION THROUGH SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AND MATERIAL WRITTEN BY THEOLOGICAL PROFESSORS, WRITERS AND SCHOLARS. THE FIRST MAJOR OBSERVATION WAS THE ECOLOGICAL FACT THAT EVERY LIVING ORGANISM CONTRIBUTES, IN SOME SMALL WAY, TO LIFE ON PLANET EARTH. NOTHING IS ITSELF WITHOUT ALL THE REST! THIS IS FULLY ACCEPTED AND UNDERSTOOD WITHIN THE NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE, BUT SELDOM DOES THE WESTERN CULTURE EVEN ACCEPT OR CONSIDER THIS FACT. THIS SHARED CONNECTION MEANS OUR ENTIRE UNIVERSE AND EARTH SYSTEMS ARE BUILT ON RELATIONSHIPS, WHICH IS EXACTLY WHAT THE CONCEPT OF ECOLOGY IS BASED UPON. I SOON REALIZED THIS WAS A SIGNIFICANT ELEMENT THAT WAS DESIGNED INTO CREATION. LIFE ON EARTH COULD NOT EXIST WERE IT NOT FOR THESE MAGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS.
I AM CURRENTLY READING A BOOK ENTITLED, “FINDING THE MOTHER TREE”, WRITTEN BY FOREST ECOLOGY PROFESSOR, SUZANNE SIMARD. SHE DESCRIBES SEVERAL RESEARCH STUDIES TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSE OF FAILED PLANTING OF SEEDLINGS IN RECENTLY CLEAR-CUT AREAS. BASICALLY, HER STUDIES ARE REVEALING THE DRASTIC LOSS OF BIO-DIVERSITY RESULTING FROM CLEAR-CUTTING AND PLANTATION STYLE REFORESTATION, ALONG WITH LOSS OF NATURAL RELATIONS AND CONNECTIONS REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN NEW LIFE WITHIN THE ECOSYSTEM. HER FAMILY’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE TIMBER HARVESTING BUSINESS TRIGGERED HER CONCERNS FOR THE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AND A DESIRE FOR ADVANCED EDUCATION IN FOREST SCIENCE. HER RESEARCH OF FAILED REFORESTATION PROGRAMS DEMONSTRATED THE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM RELATIONSHIPS, AND LED TO HER POSITION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AS A FOREST ECOLOGY. PRIOR TO HER RESEARCH, FOREST MANAGERS HAD BELIEVED KILLING VEGETATIVE COMPETITION INDUCED INCREASED GROWTH OF THE PLANTED SEEDLINGS. IN FACT, REMOVING COMPETING VEGETATION INTERRUPTED NATURAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE VARIOUS ORGANISMS, WHICH RESULTED IN REDUCED GROWTH AND EVEN DEATH FOR MANY OF THE SEEDLINGS.
UNDERSTANDING THESE ESSENTIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS, IS REQUIRED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED LANDS. GIFFORD PINCHOT DEFINED THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY AS, “GROWING TREES AS CROPS”, WHICH HAS RESULTED IN THE SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF BIO-DIVERSITY AND THE ABILITY OF FOREST COMMUNITIES TO PROVIDE THE ESSENTIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS REQUIRED TO SUPPORT LIFE ON EARTH. HUMANITY’S FUTURE DEPENDS UPON A STRONG ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION PRIOR TO SPECIALIZED ADVANCED EDUCATION. THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY PROVIDES AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF HOW IMPROPER PAST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CAN INTERFERE WITH ECO-SYSTEMS NATURAL PROCESSES.
I HAVE ALWAYS FELT AT HOME IN THE OUTDOORS, AND HAVE BEEN AN AVOID PARTICIPANT IN HUNTING AND FISHING. I HAVE WALKED MANY MILES IN SEARCH OF A BUCK DEER, BULL ELK OR TOM TURKEY. AFTER RETIREMENT, WE RE-LOCATED TO AN AGRICULTURAL AREA IN MICHIGAN, WHERE LARGE FORESTED AREAS WERE FEW AND FAR BETWEEN. HUNTING SMALL WOODLOTS REQUIRED CHANGING MY HUNTING TECHNIQUES. I SPENT HOURS IN A BLIND OBSERVING ANIMAL USE PATTERNS AND VEGETATIVE MAKEUPS, WHICH OPENED MY EYES TO THE RECOGNITION OF INDIVIDUAL FOREST COMMUNITIES, OR ECOSYSTEMS IF YOU PREFER. I HAD LONG RECOGNIZED THE VARIATIONS IN VEGETATIVE CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITES, BUT FAILED TO SEE THE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS THAT SUPPORTED THE SUCCESS OF THESE COMMUNITIES. THE DIVERSITY OF SPECIES, THE GROWTH POTENTIAL OF THE PLANTS, THE TRAVEL AND USE PATTERNS OF THE VARIOUS SPECIES OF ANIMALS, THE DENSITY AND DIVERSITY OF THE UNDER STORY, THE AVAILABILITY OF FOOD AND WATER SOURCES, BECAME VIVID AS I SAT AND OBSERVED. WHAT WAS OCCURRING ON THE SURFACE WAS FAR MORE DETAILED THAN ONE COULD IMAGINE BECAUSE MORE THAN HALF OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS I COULD NOT SEE, AS THEY LIVED BENEATH THE SURFACE OF THE GROUND. MANY WERE MICROSCOPIC IN SIZE, YET WERE CONTRIBUTING MAJOR ELEMENTS TO THE COMMUNITY.
THIS COMPLEX STORY OF CREATION HAD ITS ORIGIN IN RELIGIOUS IDEALS. DOMINANT SOCIETY’S BELIEF THAT EARTH BELONGS TO US; TO DOMINATE, CONQUER, CHANGE AND MANIPULATE; HAS RESULTED IN DEVASTATING DESTRUCTION OF BIO-DIVERSITY ON OUR REMAINING FOREST LANDS. RELIGION HAS HISTORICALLY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ESTABLISHING CULTURAL AND MORAL VALUES. IN THE PAST, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS HAVE STRONGLY INFLUENCED THE PEOPLES UNDERSTANDING AND ACCEPTANCE OF REQUIRED CHANGES WHICH ALLOW US TO COME TOGETHER AND FIND ACCEPTABLE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS. THEY HAVE BEEN THE STRONG VOICE OF MORALITY, STEWARDSHIP AND RIGHTEOUSNESS, A VOICE THAT IS NEEDED MORE THAN EVER. FOR TOO MANY YEARS THAT VOICE HAS BEEN SILENT OR FOCUSED ON REDEMPTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL AT THE EXPENSE OF CREATION. THE DENOMINATION I ATTEND, HAS A PUBLISHED POSITION ON THE NATURAL WORLD AND CREATION WITHIN IT’S DISCIPLINE, YET FEW MEMBERS ARE EVEN AWARE IT EXISTS. CHURCH LEADERSHIP HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO INFORM AND INSTRUCT THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE OFFICIAL POSITION AND OUR RESPONSIBILITY OF NURTURING AND CARING FOR THE LAND. THIS REQUIRES A FULL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONNECTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS PROVIDED BY THE NATURAL WORLD.
WE HAVE OBSERVED NUMEROUS CORPORATE EFFORTS, ALONG WITH POLITICAL ACTIONS INTENDED TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT. MANY COMPANIES HAVE CONTRIBUTED SMALL PORTIONS OF THEIR PROFITS TO SUPPORT PLANTING TREE SEEDLINGS ON ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LANDS, CLEAR-CUT AREAS AND FOREST COVERED LANDS DESTROYED BY FIRE, DISEASE AND INSECTS. GOVERNMENTS’ HAVE ENACTED LAWS AND REGULATIONS TO RESTRICT TOXIC WASTE DISPOSAL INTO OUR WATERS AND ATMOSPHERE. ALTHOUGH POSITIVE STEPS, THEY FALL FAR SHORT OF WHAT IS REQUIRED, AND ALTHOUGH ANY TREES ARE BETTER THAN NONE, PLANTATIONS RESULT IN MASSIVE DESTRUCTION OF BIO-DIVERSITY.
SIXTY YEARS OF TRYING BY OUR CORPORATE AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS HAVE PRODUCED LITTLE AND THE DECIMATION OF OUR NATURAL WORLD HAS ACCELERATED. IT IS TIME TO CHANGE! OUR RELIGIOUS AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS MUST PROVIDE THE LEADERSHIP FOR CHANGE. WHEN THE PEOPLE BECOME KNOWLEDGEABLE OF THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, THEY WILL INSIST ON CHANGE. IT IS TIME FOR A GREEN GOSPEL AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTALISM!
CHAPTER 2 TO FOLLOW.
I HAVE BEEN EXPRESSING MY THOUGHTS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF RELIGIOUS INVOLVEMENT IN INFLUENCING THE CHANGES WE ARE GOING TO HAVE TO MAKE TO BEGIN THE PROCESS OF RENOVATING THE NATURAL WORLD. I AM SURE THERE ARE SOME SCIENTISTS AND CONCERNED INDIVIDUALS THAT QUESTION MY RATIONALE OF INVOLVING RELIGIOUS LEADERSHIP IN WHAT MOST PEOPLE CONSIDER A SECULAR ISSUE. I MUST ADMIT, DURING MY 30 PLUS YEARS AS A FOREST LAND MANAGER, I DEVELOPED SOME SERIOUS CONCERNS ABOUT MANAGEMENT ACTIONS I OBSERVED, BUT LACKED THE INSIGHT TO APPRECIATE THE VITAL RELATIONSHIPS FOREST COVERED LANDS CONTRIBUTE TO THE SUSTENANCE OF HUMAN LIFE.
RETIREMENT PROVIDED THE OPPORTUNITY TO STUDY AND ANALYZE CONCERNS I WITNESSED DURING MY CAREER AND BEGIN TO UNDERSTAND HOW THESE CONCERNS RELATED TO LIFE SYSTEMS ON EARTH. I BEGAN TO APPRECIATE HOW THE FOREST PLANNING PROCESS, REQUIRED BY THE FOREST MANAGEMENT ACT OF 1976, WAS PROBABLY THE PROGRAM THAT ELEVATED MY INTEREST AND CAUSED ME TO BECOME AN ACTIVIST FOR RE-ORIENTING OUR MANAGEMENT GOALS FOR PUBLIC FORESTED LANDS. I BEGAN SEARCHING AND READING AS MUCH INFORMATION AS I COULD FIND ON THE STORY OF CREATION AND THE NATURAL WORLD. I HAD ALREADY RECOGNIZED THAT THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE IN HOW OUR WESTERN SOCIETY VIEWS NATURE AND HOW OUR NATIVE AMERICAN PEOPLE SEE NATURE. MY WIFE, BEING A MEMBER OF THE CHEROKEE NATION, AND I HAVE HAD THE PRIVILEGE OF DISCUSSING AND LEARNING MUCH ABOUT THE NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE AND THEIR BELIEFS, FROM NATIVE FRIENDS WE HAVE MET. THE MORE WE LEARNED, THE MORE INTENSE MY INTEREST IN THE STORY OF CREATION AND THE NATURAL WORLD BECAME.
I EXPANDED MY KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE STORY OF CREATION THROUGH SCIENTIFIC PUBLICATIONS AND MATERIAL WRITTEN BY THEOLOGICAL PROFESSORS, WRITERS AND SCHOLARS. THE FIRST MAJOR OBSERVATION WAS THE ECOLOGICAL FACT THAT EVERY LIVING ORGANISM CONTRIBUTES, IN SOME SMALL WAY, TO LIFE ON PLANET EARTH. NOTHING IS ITSELF WITHOUT ALL THE REST! THIS IS FULLY ACCEPTED AND UNDERSTOOD WITHIN THE NATIVE AMERICAN CULTURE, BUT SELDOM DOES THE WESTERN CULTURE EVEN ACCEPT OR CONSIDER THIS FACT. THIS SHARED CONNECTION MEANS OUR ENTIRE UNIVERSE AND EARTH SYSTEMS ARE BUILT ON RELATIONSHIPS, WHICH IS EXACTLY WHAT THE CONCEPT OF ECOLOGY IS BASED UPON. I SOON REALIZED THIS WAS A SIGNIFICANT ELEMENT THAT WAS DESIGNED INTO CREATION. LIFE ON EARTH COULD NOT EXIST WERE IT NOT FOR THESE MAGICAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS.
I AM CURRENTLY READING A BOOK ENTITLED, “FINDING THE MOTHER TREE”, WRITTEN BY FOREST ECOLOGY PROFESSOR, SUZANNE SIMARD. SHE DESCRIBES SEVERAL RESEARCH STUDIES TO IDENTIFY THE CAUSE OF FAILED PLANTING OF SEEDLINGS IN RECENTLY CLEAR-CUT AREAS. BASICALLY, HER STUDIES ARE REVEALING THE DRASTIC LOSS OF BIO-DIVERSITY RESULTING FROM CLEAR-CUTTING AND PLANTATION STYLE REFORESTATION, ALONG WITH LOSS OF NATURAL RELATIONS AND CONNECTIONS REQUIRED TO SUSTAIN NEW LIFE WITHIN THE ECOSYSTEM. HER FAMILY’S INVOLVEMENT IN THE TIMBER HARVESTING BUSINESS TRIGGERED HER CONCERNS FOR THE FOREST ECOSYSTEMS AND A DESIRE FOR ADVANCED EDUCATION IN FOREST SCIENCE. HER RESEARCH OF FAILED REFORESTATION PROGRAMS DEMONSTRATED THE IMPORTANCE OF FOREST ECOSYSTEM RELATIONSHIPS, AND LED TO HER POSITION AT THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA AS A FOREST ECOLOGY. PRIOR TO HER RESEARCH, FOREST MANAGERS HAD BELIEVED KILLING VEGETATIVE COMPETITION INDUCED INCREASED GROWTH OF THE PLANTED SEEDLINGS. IN FACT, REMOVING COMPETING VEGETATION INTERRUPTED NATURAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE VARIOUS ORGANISMS, WHICH RESULTED IN REDUCED GROWTH AND EVEN DEATH FOR MANY OF THE SEEDLINGS.
UNDERSTANDING THESE ESSENTIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS, IS REQUIRED FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF OUR REMAINING FORESTED LANDS. GIFFORD PINCHOT DEFINED THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY AS, “GROWING TREES AS CROPS”, WHICH HAS RESULTED IN THE SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF BIO-DIVERSITY AND THE ABILITY OF FOREST COMMUNITIES TO PROVIDE THE ESSENTIAL RELATIONSHIPS AND CONNECTIONS REQUIRED TO SUPPORT LIFE ON EARTH. HUMANITY’S FUTURE DEPENDS UPON A STRONG ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION PRIOR TO SPECIALIZED ADVANCED EDUCATION. THE SCIENCE OF FORESTRY PROVIDES AN EXCELLENT EXAMPLE OF HOW IMPROPER PAST MANAGEMENT PRACTICES CAN INTERFERE WITH ECO-SYSTEMS NATURAL PROCESSES.
I HAVE ALWAYS FELT AT HOME IN THE OUTDOORS, AND HAVE BEEN AN AVOID PARTICIPANT IN HUNTING AND FISHING. I HAVE WALKED MANY MILES IN SEARCH OF A BUCK DEER, BULL ELK OR TOM TURKEY. AFTER RETIREMENT, WE RE-LOCATED TO AN AGRICULTURAL AREA IN MICHIGAN, WHERE LARGE FORESTED AREAS WERE FEW AND FAR BETWEEN. HUNTING SMALL WOODLOTS REQUIRED CHANGING MY HUNTING TECHNIQUES. I SPENT HOURS IN A BLIND OBSERVING ANIMAL USE PATTERNS AND VEGETATIVE MAKEUPS, WHICH OPENED MY EYES TO THE RECOGNITION OF INDIVIDUAL FOREST COMMUNITIES, OR ECOSYSTEMS IF YOU PREFER. I HAD LONG RECOGNIZED THE VARIATIONS IN VEGETATIVE CHANGES RESULTING FROM THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SITES, BUT FAILED TO SEE THE IMPORTANT FUNCTIONS THAT SUPPORTED THE SUCCESS OF THESE COMMUNITIES. THE DIVERSITY OF SPECIES, THE GROWTH POTENTIAL OF THE PLANTS, THE TRAVEL AND USE PATTERNS OF THE VARIOUS SPECIES OF ANIMALS, THE DENSITY AND DIVERSITY OF THE UNDER STORY, THE AVAILABILITY OF FOOD AND WATER SOURCES, BECAME VIVID AS I SAT AND OBSERVED. WHAT WAS OCCURRING ON THE SURFACE WAS FAR MORE DETAILED THAN ONE COULD IMAGINE BECAUSE MORE THAN HALF OF THE LIVING ORGANISMS I COULD NOT SEE, AS THEY LIVED BENEATH THE SURFACE OF THE GROUND. MANY WERE MICROSCOPIC IN SIZE, YET WERE CONTRIBUTING MAJOR ELEMENTS TO THE COMMUNITY.
THIS COMPLEX STORY OF CREATION HAD ITS ORIGIN IN RELIGIOUS IDEALS. DOMINANT SOCIETY’S BELIEF THAT EARTH BELONGS TO US; TO DOMINATE, CONQUER, CHANGE AND MANIPULATE; HAS RESULTED IN DEVASTATING DESTRUCTION OF BIO-DIVERSITY ON OUR REMAINING FOREST LANDS. RELIGION HAS HISTORICALLY PLAYED AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN ESTABLISHING CULTURAL AND MORAL VALUES. IN THE PAST, RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS HAVE STRONGLY INFLUENCED THE PEOPLES UNDERSTANDING AND ACCEPTANCE OF REQUIRED CHANGES WHICH ALLOW US TO COME TOGETHER AND FIND ACCEPTABLE SOLUTIONS TO COMPLEX PROBLEMS. THEY HAVE BEEN THE STRONG VOICE OF MORALITY, STEWARDSHIP AND RIGHTEOUSNESS, A VOICE THAT IS NEEDED MORE THAN EVER. FOR TOO MANY YEARS THAT VOICE HAS BEEN SILENT OR FOCUSED ON REDEMPTION OF THE INDIVIDUAL AT THE EXPENSE OF CREATION. THE DENOMINATION I ATTEND, HAS A PUBLISHED POSITION ON THE NATURAL WORLD AND CREATION WITHIN IT’S DISCIPLINE, YET FEW MEMBERS ARE EVEN AWARE IT EXISTS. CHURCH LEADERSHIP HAS A RESPONSIBILITY TO INFORM AND INSTRUCT THE MEMBERSHIP OF THE OFFICIAL POSITION AND OUR RESPONSIBILITY OF NURTURING AND CARING FOR THE LAND. THIS REQUIRES A FULL UNDERSTANDING OF THE CONNECTIONS AND RELATIONSHIPS PROVIDED BY THE NATURAL WORLD.
WE HAVE OBSERVED NUMEROUS CORPORATE EFFORTS, ALONG WITH POLITICAL ACTIONS INTENDED TO PROTECT THE ENVIRONMENT. MANY COMPANIES HAVE CONTRIBUTED SMALL PORTIONS OF THEIR PROFITS TO SUPPORT PLANTING TREE SEEDLINGS ON ABANDONED AGRICULTURAL LANDS, CLEAR-CUT AREAS AND FOREST COVERED LANDS DESTROYED BY FIRE, DISEASE AND INSECTS. GOVERNMENTS’ HAVE ENACTED LAWS AND REGULATIONS TO RESTRICT TOXIC WASTE DISPOSAL INTO OUR WATERS AND ATMOSPHERE. ALTHOUGH POSITIVE STEPS, THEY FALL FAR SHORT OF WHAT IS REQUIRED, AND ALTHOUGH ANY TREES ARE BETTER THAN NONE, PLANTATIONS RESULT IN MASSIVE DESTRUCTION OF BIO-DIVERSITY.
SIXTY YEARS OF TRYING BY OUR CORPORATE AND POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS HAVE PRODUCED LITTLE AND THE DECIMATION OF OUR NATURAL WORLD HAS ACCELERATED. IT IS TIME TO CHANGE! OUR RELIGIOUS AND ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS MUST PROVIDE THE LEADERSHIP FOR CHANGE. WHEN THE PEOPLE BECOME KNOWLEDGEABLE OF THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, THEY WILL INSIST ON CHANGE. IT IS TIME FOR A GREEN GOSPEL AND ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTALISM!
CHAPTER 2 TO FOLLOW.
